Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
Artif Intell Gastroenterol. Jun 8, 2023; 4(1): 10-27
Published online Jun 8, 2023. doi: 10.35712/aig.v4.i1.10
Table 1 Score response categories of Likert scale questionnaire
Study variables/risk factors
Category
Consumption/behavior frequency in d/wk
Tooth brushing and miswak usageAlways7
Often4-6
Seldom1-3
Never0
Consumption of chili, dairy products, rice, potatoes, red and processed meat, sweets, junk foodNo0
Rarely1-2
Moderately2-4
Frequently5-6
Servings per day
Drinking black and green teaNormal1-2
Moderate3-4
High5-7
Habits per day
Washing hands with soap before meal and after use of toilet Always7
Often4-6
Seldom1-3
Never0
Addiction and passive smokingNo< 10 (In Pakistan smoking is common practice.)
Yes> 10
Consumption of cooked food
Salt/sodium chloride consumption; Normal: 2300 mg/d; Low: 140 mg/serving; High: > 3400 mg/d[38]NoWithout salt (Patients with high blood pressure did not use salt in their food)
NormalWithout adding salt
LowWith additional pinch of salt/serving; 1 Pinch = 0.36 g or 360 mg
HighAfter addition of several pinches of salt/serving