Therapeutic tumor vaccines — a rising star to benefit cancer patients

Table 3 Typical mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines have entered phase III or IV clinical trials

Vaccine	NCT ID	Title	Phase	Status	Estimated number of participants	Sponsor/collaborator
BNT162b2	NCT04816669	Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Lyophilized Formulation of BNT162b2 Against COVID-19 in Healthy Adults	Phase III	Recruiting	550	BioNTech SE, Pfizer
	NCT04713553	A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Multiple Production Lots and Dose Levels of BNT162b2 Against COVID-19 in Healthy Participants	Phase III	Recruiting	1530	BioNTech SE, Pfizer
	NCT04754594	Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b2) Against COVID-19 in Healthy Pregnant Women 18 Years of Age and Older	Phase II/III	Recruiting	4000	BioNTech SE, Pfizer
	NCT04775069	Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccines in Liver Disease Patients	Phase IV	Not yet recruiting	900	Humanity & Health Medical Group Limited
mRNA-1273	NCT04860297	A Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19 in Adult Organ Transplant Recipients and in Healthy Adult Participants	Phase III	Recruiting	240	ModernaTX, Inc.
	NCT04796896	A Study to Evaluate Safety and Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Healthy Children Between 6 Months of Age and Less Than 12 Years of Age	Phase II/III	Recruiting	6750	ModernaTX, Inc.
	NCT04470427	A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older to Prevent COVID-19	Phase III	Active, not recruiting	30420	ModernaTX, Inc., Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
	NCT04649151	A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Adolescents 12 to <18 Years Old to Prevent COVID-19	Phase II/III	Active, not recruiting	3000	ModernaTX, Inc., Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
CV-NCOV-011	NCT04848467	A Trial Studying the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine CVnCoV to Learn About the Immune Response, the Safety, and the Degree of Typical Vaccination Reactions When CVnCoV is Given at the Same Time as a Flu Vaccine Compared to When the Vaccines Are Separately Given in Adults 60 Years of Age and Older (CV-NCOV-011)	Phase III	Not yet recruiting	1000	Bayer, CureVac AG
CVnCoV	NCT04860258	A Study to Evaluate Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine CVnCoV in Adults With Co-morbidities for COVID-19	Phase III	Not yet recruiting	1200	CureVac AG
	NCT04838847	A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine CVnCoV in Elderly Adults Compared to Younger Adults for COVID-19	Phase III	Not yet recruiting	180	CureVac AG
	NCT04652102	A Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine CVnCoV in Adults for COVID-19	Phase II/III	Recruiting	36500	CureVac AG
	NCT04674189	A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Vaccine CVnCoV in Healthy Adults in Germany for COVID-19	Phase III	Recruiting	2520	CureVac AG
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine	NCT04847102	A Phase III Clinical Study of a SARS-CoV-2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 in Population Aged 18 Years and Above	Phase III	Not yet recruiting	28000	Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Abogen Biosciences Co. Ltd., Yuxi Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd.,
CoVPN 3006	NCT04811664	A Study of SARS CoV-2 Infection and Potential Transmission in University Students Immunized With Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (CoVPN 3006)	Phase III	Recruiting	37500	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
KYRIOS	NCT04869358	Exploring the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) Treated With Ofatumumab (KYRIOS)	Phase IV	Not yet recruiting	40
ENFORCE	NCT04760132	National Cohort Study of Effectiveness and Safety of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Vaccines (ENFORCE) (ENFORCE)	Phase IV	Recruiting	10000	Jens D Lundgren, MD, Ministry of the Interior and Health, Denmark; Rigshospitalet, Denmark
AMA-VACC	NCT04792567	Exploring the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 modRNA Vaccines in Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (AMA-VACC) (AMA-VACC)	Phase IV	Recruiting	60
COVAXID	NCT04780659	COVID-19 Vaccination of Immunodeficient Persons (COVAXID) (COVAXID)	Phase IV	Recruiting	540	Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet
DemiVac	NCT04852861	Safety and Immunogenicity of Demi-dose of Two Covid-19 mRNA Vaccines in Healthy Population (DemiVac)	Phase IV	Not yet recruiting	200	Sciensano, Mensura EDPB, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium; Erasme University Hospital

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.