Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 6, 2021; 9(7): 1499-1512
Published online Mar 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1499
Table 2 Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on various materials
Ref.
van Doremalen et al[78]
van Doremalen et al[80]
Chan et al[79]
Rabenau et al[82]
Lai et al[83]
Duan et al[81]
Year202020132011200520052003
LocationUnited StatesUnited StatesHong Kong, ChinaGermanyHong Kong, ChinaChina
VirusSARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoVMERS-CoVSARS-CoVSARS-CoVSARS-CoVSARS-CoV
Load applied (TCID50)SARS-CoV-2: 105.25 in aerosols, SARS-CoV: 106.75-7.00 in aerosols106 in aerosols, 105 on steel and plastic105 on plasticNADilution solution (102-104)106
Substrate (s)Aerosols, plastic, stainless steel, copper, cardboardAerosols, steel, plasticPlasticPolystyrene petri dishPaper, disposable gowns, cotton gownsWood board, glass, mosaic, metal, cloth, paper, filter paper, plastic
Temperature/RH21-23 °C/40%VariableVariableRoom temperature (21-25 °C)Room temperatureRoom temperature
ViabilityViable SARS-CoV-2 detected after 3 h in aerosols, no viable SARS-CoV-2 detected after 4 h on copper and 24 h on cardboard, stable after 72 h on plastic and stainless steel; no viable SARS-CoV detected after 8 h on copper and 8 h on cardboardThe viability of MERS-CoV decreased 7% at 40% RH and 89% at 70% RH in aerosols; Viable MERS-CoV tested after 48 h at 20 °C/40% RH, 8 h at 30 °C/80% RH and 24 h at 30 °C/30% RHSARS-CoV survived for 5 d at 22-25 °C relative humidity of 40%-50% with only 1 log10 loss of titer and was viable for more than 20 d; SARS-CoV was more stable at relatively low temperatures (28 °C vs 38 °C) and humidity (80%-89% vs > 95%)SARS-CoV survived for more than 6 d and retained its infectivity for up to 9 dSARS-CoV survived no more than 5 min to 24 h on paper, 1 h to 2 d on disposable clothing, and 5 min to 24 h on cotton clothingSARS-CoV survived for > 72 h on the surfaces of eight materials, and > 120 h on metal, cloth and filter paper
Reduction in infectious titer (TCID50)SARS-CoV-2: from 103.5 to 102.7 in aerosols, from 103.7 to 100.6 after 72 h on plastic, from 103.7 to 100.6 after 48 h on stainless steel; SARS-CoV: from 104.3 to 103.5 in aerosols, from 103.4 to 100.7 after 72 h on plastic, from 103.6 to 100.6 after 48 h on stainless steelNAThe reduction in infectious titer was similar in solution compared with virus dried on surfacesNANANA
Half-lifeSARS-CoV-2 :1.1 h in aerosols, 6.8 h on plastic, 5.6 h on stainless steel, 0.8 h on copper, 3.5 h on cardboard; SARS-CoV :1.2 h in aerosols, 7.6 h on plastic, 4.2 h on stainless steel, 1.5 h on copper, 0.6 h on cardboardThe half-life of MERS-CoV ranged from 0.6 to 1 h on steel and from 0.4 to 1 h on plasticNANANANA