Thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy assisted by three-dimensional computed-tomography bronchography and angiography for the treatment of primary lung cancer

Table 1 Characteristics and postoperative complications of patients receiving video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery assisted by three-dimensional computed-tomography bronchography and angiography

Variable	Segmentectomy (n = 57)	Lobectomy(n = 66)	Total (n = 123)
Age, mean (range), yr	59.3 ± 10.8 (39.0-75.0)	63.2 ± 8.5 (44.0-80.0)	61.4 ± 9.8 (39.0-80.0)
Gender
Female	31 (54.4%)	28 (42.4%)	59 (48.0%)
Male	26 (45.6%)	38 (57.6%)	64 (52.0%)
Smoking history	19 (33.3%)	31 (47.0%)	50 (40.7%)
Comorbidity
Hypertension	14 (24.6%)	11 (16.7%)	25 (20.3%)
Diabetes mellitus	6 (10.5%)	4 (6.1%)	10 (8.1%)
COPD	5 (8.8%)	7 (10.6%)	12 (9.8%)
Arrhythmia	1 (1.8%)	2 (3.0%)	3 (2.4%)
Operative time, mean (range), min	129.8 ± 16.1 (105-180)	125.2 ± 11.7 (105-160)	113.4 ± 19.7 (20-150)
Blood loss, mean (range), mL	48.8 ± 26.2 (20-150)	79.5 ± 34.0 (20-220)	65.3 ± 34.2 (20-220)
Duration of chest tube placement, mean (range), d	3.1 ± 1.1 (2.0-9.0)	3.8 ± 1.9 (2.0-10.0)	3.5 ± 1.6 (2.0-10.0)
Postoperative hospital stay, mean (range), d	6.4 ± 1.3 (5.0-12.0)	7.1 ± 2.2 (5.0-15.0)	6.8 ± 1.8 (5.0-15.0)
Tumor diameter, mean (range), mm	10.5 ± 4.9 (5.0-25.0)	23.4 ± 12.1 (8.0-60.0)	17.4 ± 11.4 (5.0-60.0)
Appearance on CT
Pure GGO	12 (21.1%)	1 (1.5%)	13 (10.6)
p GGO	45 (78.9%)	23 (34.8%)	68 (55.3%)
Solid	0 (0%)	42 (63.6%)	42 (34.1%)
Histological types
Adenocarcinoma	56 (98.2%)	56 (84.8%)	112 (91.1%)
AIS	8 (14.0%)	3 (4.5%)	11 (8.9%)
MIA	20 (35.1%)	1 (1.5%)	21 (17.1%)
IA	28 (49.1%)	52 (78.8%)	80 (65.0%)
Squamous cell	1 (1.8%)	7 (10.6%)	8 (6.5%)
Others	0 (0%)	3 (4.5%)	3 (2.4%)
Postoperative complications	2 (3.5%)	8 (12.1%)	10 (8.1%)
Pneumonia	0 (0%)	1 (1.5%)	1 (0.8%)
Prolonged air leakage (> 5 d)	2 (3.5%)	1 (1.5%)	3 (2.4%)
Chylothorax	0 (0%)	6 (9.1%)	6 (4.9%%)
Absent	55 (96.5%)	58 (87.9%)	113 (91.9%)
Conversion rate	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
30-d mortality	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Postoperative ICU stay	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)

AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ; CT: Computed tomography; GGO: Ground-glass appearance; IA: Invasive adenocarcinoma; ICU: Intensive-care unit; MIA: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.