Retrospective analysis of influencing factors on the efficacy of mechanical ventilation in severe and critical COVID-19 patients

Table 1 Clinical data of patients

Clinical characters	n (%)	Death group, 17 cases, n (%)	Effective group, 10 cases, n (%)	P value
Gender
Male	17	11 (64.7)	6 (35.3)	0.310
Female	10	6 (60)	4 (40)
Age (yr)	74.41 ± 11.73	77.94 ± 10.49	68.4 ± 11.75	0.049a
< 60	6 (22.2)	2 (11.8)	4 (40)	0.10
60–69	2 (7.4)	1 (5.9)	1 (10)	0.48
70–79	7 (25.9)	4 (23.5)	3 (30)	0.32
> 80	12 (44.4)	10 (58.8)	2 (20)	0.049a
Underlying disease
Hypertension	15 (55.6)	8 (47)	7 (70)	0.17
Diabetes	10 (37)	8 (47)	2 (20)	0.13
Cardiopathy	9 (33.3)	5 (29.4)	4 (40)	0.28
Nervous system disease	10 (37)	7 (41.2)	3 (30)	0.28
Respiratory disease	8 (29.6)	4 (23.5)	4 (40)	0.23
Malignant tumor	6 (22.2)	4 (23.5)	2 (20)	0.36
Digestive system disease	2 (7.4)	1 (5.9)	1 (10)	0.48
Hematological disease	1 (3.7)	1 (5.9)	0 (0)	0.63
Chronic renal insufficiency	4 (14.8)	2 (11.8)	2 (20)	0.35
Rheumatoid arthritis	1 (3.7)	1 (5.9)	0 (0)	0.63
Decubitus	1 (3.7)	1 (5.9)	0 (0)	0.63
More than two diseases	23 (85.2)	16 (94.1)	7 (70)	0.12
Clustering onset	10 (37)	8 (47)	2 (20)	0.13
Admission classification
Severe	16 (59.3)	10 (58.8)	6 (60)	0.31
Critical	11 (40.7)	7 (41.2)	4 (40)
SpO2 at rest on admission (%)	85.0 ± 13.46	82.82 ± 16.47	88.7 ± 4.11	0.28
CT on admission
Multiple lesions in both lungs	21 (87.5)	13 (76.5)	8 (80)	0.36
Limited in single lung	6 (7.4)	4 (23.5)	2 (20)
Ventilation mode
Noninvasive ventilation	15 (55.6)	10 (58.8)	5 (50)	0.28
Invasive ventilation	21 (77.8)	13 (76.5)	8 (90)	0.36
ECMO	3 (11.1)	1 (5.9)	2 (20)	0.26
Prone position ventilation	7 (25.9)	4 (23.5)	3 (30)	0.32
Tocilizumab	14 (51.9)	9 (52.9)	5 (50)	0.31
Glucocorticoid	15 (55.6)	12 (70.6)	3 (30)	0.04a
Oxygenation index before ventilation	132.64 ± 59.3	122.31 ± 56.88	149.16 ± 62.32	0.270
Days of ventilator treatment	7.04 ± 6.65	4.76 ± 4.63	10.9 ± 7.95	0.011a
Complications
Bacterial pneumonia	24 (88.9)	14 (82.4)	10 (100)	0.23
Anemia	18 (66.7)	12 (70.6)	6 (60)	0.28
Pneumothorax	3 (11.1)	2 (11.8)	1 (10)	0.46
Pleural effusion	5 (18.5)	4 (23.5)	1 (10)	0.29
Arrhythmia	8 (29.6)	7 (41.2)	1 (10)	0.09
Myocardial ischemia	12 (44.4)	10 (58.8)	2 (20)	0.049a
Heart failure	10 (37)	9 (52.9)	1 (10)	0.03a
Hepatic dysfunction	8 (29.6)	5 (29.4)	3 (30)	0.33
Acute renal dysfunction	7 (25.9)	5 (29.4)	2 (20)	0.31
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	3 (11.1)	3 (17.6)	0 (0)	0.23
Shock	17 (63)	16 (94.1)	1 (10)	0.004a
Abnormal blood glucose	19 (70.4)	13 (76.5)	6 (60)	0.23
Electrolyte disorder	10 (37)	6 (35.3)	4 (40)	0.31
Hemoptysis	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	1 (10)	0.37

^aP < 0.05.

CT: Computed tomography; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.