Chronic hepatitis-C infection in COVID-19 patients is associated with in-hospital mortality

Table 5 Subgroup comparisons and cox-regression predictors of outcomes for a subset composed of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus and propensity score matched patients without hepatitis C virus, n (%)

	Propensity score matched (n = 72)
	Comparison between groups			Cox-regression analysis
				Univariate		Multivariate
	NO HCV (n = 48)	HCV with viral load (n = 24)	P value	Exp (B)	Sig.	Exp (B)	Sig.
Age (yr)	64.4 ± 15.1	64.4 ± 9.8	0.995	1.021	0.293	-	-
Gender (female)	28 (58)	17 (71)	0.302	0.481	0.088	-	-
Body mass index (kg/m2)	27.9 ± 6.8	26.0 ± 6.2	0.252	1.014	0.625	-	-
Hypertension	33 (69)	16 (67)	0.858	3.03	0.014	2.55	0.035
Diabetes mellitus	17 (35)	7 (29)	0.596	1.05	0.902	-	-
Human immune-deficiency virus	17 (35)	9 (38)	0.862	1.79	0.185	-	-
Asthma	9 (19)	4 (17)	0.828	1.81	0.251	-	-
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	9 (19)	5 (21)	0.833	1.386	0.483	-	-
Hepatitis B infection	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	0.476	1.04	0.976	-	-
HCV	0 (0)	24 (100)	-	3.47	0.007	3.2	0.014
Congestive heart failure	10 (21)	5 (21)	1.000	1.41	0.448	-	-
Coronary artery disease	6 (13)	2 (8)	0.596	1.12	0.845	-	-
End stage renal disease	2 (0.4)	1 (4)	1.000	1.65	0.628	-	-
Chronic kidney disease	5 (10)	6 (25)	0.105	1.1	0.875	-	-
Hemoglobin	12.5 ± 2.1	11.7 ± 2.6	0.166	0.921	0.424	-	-
Total white count	7.8 ± 3.5	12 ± 17.9	0.122	1.006	0.618	-	-
Platelets	234.4 ± 100.3	185 ± 86.2	0.051	1.000	0.978	-	-
Neutrophilic count	6.27 ± 3.4	6.24 ± 4.3	0.981	1.11	0.056	-	-
Lymphocyte count	0.99 ± 0.5	4.62 ± 17.0	0.145	1.002	0.897	-	-
D-dimer	6883 ± 28017	1154 ± 1807	0.333	1.000	0.054	-	-
Lactate dehydrogenase	523 ± 419	649 ± 484	0.273	1.000	0.898	-	-
High sensitivity C-reactive protein	129 ± 90	113 ± 89	0.518	0.999	0.751	-	-
Ferritin	1053 ± 1267	1373 ± 2775	0.533	1.000	0.661	-	-
Prothrombin time (s)	13.6 ± 2.3	13.5 ± 2.5	0.820	1.05	0.636	-	-
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s)	31.4 ± 5.4	32.9 ± 7.28	0.365	0.935	0.138	-	-
Creatinine	2.01 ± 2.4	3.2 ± 4.	0.132	1.06	0.315	-	-
Alanine transaminase	40.8 ± 37.5	62.1 ± 169.8	0.448	0.998	0.427	-	-
Aspartate transaminase	59.8 ± 43.5	169.8 ± 518.6	0.185	0.999	0.433	-	-
Alkaline phosphatase	82.3 ± 40.7	114.5 ± 165.7	0.246	0.996	0.376	-	-
Total bilirubin	0.54 ± 0.4	0.93 ± 1.1	0.05	1.236	0.336	-	-
Combined bilirubin	0.26 ± 0.28	0.58 ± 0.9	0.05	1.223	0.428	-	-
Total protein	6.91 ± 0.72	7.0 ± 0.95	0.618	0.813	0.380	-	-
Albumin	3.6 ± 0.51	3.3 ± 0.52	0.073	0.509	0.079	-	-
Procalcitonin	3.1 ± 8.8	4.6 ± 11.7	0.695	0.984	0.538	-	-
Hydroxychloroquine	33 (69)	18 (75)	0.582	-	-	-	-
Azithromycin	35 (73)	13 (54)	0.112	-	-	-	-
Tocilizumab	4 (8)	0 (0)	0.146	-	-	-	-
Mechanical ventilation	4 (8)	15 (63)	< 0.001	-	-	-	-
Death	7 (15)	15 (63)	< 0.001	-	-	-	-

HCV: Hepatitis C virus.