Role of theories in school-based diabetes care interventions: A critical review

Table 3 Main constructs of theories applied in school diabetes care interventions

Theory	Main constructs	Applications to school diabetes care interventions (n = number of studies)
Social cognitive theory	Self-efficacy	Students’ self-efficacy in self diabetes management at school (n = 1); School nurses’ self-efficacy in diabetes management (n = 3); Nonmedical school personnel’s self-efficacy in diabetes management (n = 2)
	Behavioral capability (knowledge and experience)	Students’ knowledge in self-diabetes management at school (n = 1); School nurses’ knowledge in diabetes management (n = 3); Nonmedical school personnel’s knowledge in diabetes management (n = 2)
	Observational learning	Intervention component in improving students’ self-diabetes management skills and confidence (n = 1)
	Reinforcements (social support)	Support for students with diabetes regarding self-diabetes management at school (n = 1)
Theory of the diffusion of innovations	Relative advantage; Compatibility; Complexity; Trialability; Observability	To evaluate the successfulness of an online education program for school nurses in the rural area to improve diabetes management skills (n = 1)