Patients with cirrhosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Current evidence and future perspectives

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of cirrhotic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2

Reference	Patientnumber (n)	Region	Etiology	CirrhosisSeverity1	ACLF2	Acute decompensation
Qi et al[33]	21	China	HCV: 9.5%	CTP-A: 76.2%	4.8%3	Variceal bleeding: 19%
			HBV: 42.9%	CTP-B: 14.3%
			ALD: 9.5%	CTP-C: 9.5%		Ascites: 23.8%
			AIH: 4.8%	MELD: 8 (7-11)
Liu et al[32]	17	China	HCV: 11.8%	CTP-A: 88.2%	APASL:11.8%	Variceal bleeding: 5.9%
			HBV: 70.6%	CTP-B: 5.9%
				CTP-C: 5.9%
Iavarone et al[31]	50	Italy	HCV: 28%	CTP-A: 40%	EASL: 28%	HE: 22%
			HBV: 10%	CTP-B: 28%
			ALD: 24%	CTP-C: 32%
			NAFLD: 6%	MELD: 9 (6-15)
Sarin et al[14]	43	Asia	Viral: 60.4%	CTP-A: 53.8%	APASL: 11.6%	AD event: 9.3%
			MAFLD: 32.5%	CTP-B: 37.2%		Variceal bleeding: 9.3%
			ALD: 4.6%	CTP-C: 9%		HE: 7%
			AIH: 2.3%			Ascites: 23.3%
						Jaundice: 23.3%
						SBP: 7%
Moon et al[19]	103	International	HCV: 10.5%	CTP-A: 44.7%	N/A	AD event: 25.7%
			HBV: 11.8%	CTP-B: 29.1%		Variceal bleeding: 1%
			ALD: 19.7%	CTP-C: 26.2%		HE: 16.5%
			NAFLD: 22.4%	MELD: 10		Ascites: 27.2%
						SBP: 2.9%
Lee et al[22]	14	Korea	HCV: 14.3%	CTP-A: 64.3%	N/A	Secondary infection: 7.1%
			HBV: 35.7%	CTP-B: 35.7%
			ALD: 35.7%	MELD: 8 (7-12)
			AIH: 7.1%
Bajaj et al[23]	37	United States	HCV: 24.3%	MELD: 17.6 ± 8.6	NACSELD: 30%	Variceal bleeding: 14%
			ALD: 24.3%
						HE: 14%
			NASH: 24.3%
Kimet al[21]	227	United States	N/A	Compensated: 59%	N/A	AD event: 29.5%
						Variceal bleeding: 3.1%
				Decompensated: 41%
						HE: 10.1%
						Ascites: 4.8%
Shalimar et al[30]	26	India	HCV: 7.7%	CTP: 8.6 ± 2.3	EASL: 34.6%	AD event: 61.5%
			HBV: 11.5%	MELD: 18.1 ± 9.6		Variceal bleeding: 30.8%
			ALD: 34.6%			Ascites: 7.7%
			NAFLD: 7.7%
			AIH: 15.4%
Marjot et al[18]	386	International	HCV: 11%	CTP-A: 52%	EASL: 23%	AD event: 46%
			HBV: 21%	CTP-B: 30%		Variceal bleeding: 3%
			ALD: 38%	CTP-C: 17%		HE: 27%
			NAFLD: 26%	MELD: 12 (8-19)		Ascites: 28%
						SBP: 3%
Jeon et al[28]	67	Korea	N/A	N/A	N/A	Variceal bleeding: 3%
						Ascites: 3%
						HE: 4.5%

¹Cirrhosis severity based on Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification and model for end-stage liver disease score.

²Definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) based on the The North American Consortium for the Study of End-Stage Liver Disease, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, and The European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines.

³Definition of ACLF was not mentioned in the study.

ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AD: Acute decompensation; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ALD: Alcohol-related liver disease; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; APASL: Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; EASL: The European Association for the Study of the Liver; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; MAFLD: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NACSELD: The North American Consortium for the Study of End-Stage Liver Disease