Unusual presentation of congenital radioulnar synostosis with osteoporosis, fragility fracture and nonunion: A case report and review of literature

Table 2 The evaluation results before and after surgery

Outcome assessment	Before surgery		At 1 yr after surgery
	Nondominant, fractured side	Dominant, non-fractured side	Nondominant, fractured side	Dominant, non-fractured side
ROM of elbow E/F (°)	0/140	0/140	0/140	0/140
ROM of forearm P/S (°)	0/5	-30/0	-45/45	-45/30
ADL1
Hygiene and self-care items	3.5	4.0	4.2	4.5
Feeding-related items	3.3	4.6	4.5	4.9
Environmental interaction	3.3	4.3	4.3	4.7
Average	3.4	4.3	4.3	4.7
LES2
Clinical assessment	12	15	17	17
Patient-answered questions	11	30	31	34
Final scores	4.4	8.2	8.7	9.2
DASH3
Function	48		32
Symptoms	14		7
DASH value	26.7		7.5
Failla classification system	Fair	Good	Good	Excellent

¹Scores range from 1 to 5. The lower scores represent greater limitation on activities of daily living.

²Scores range from 0 to 10. The lower scores represent greater symptom and functional severity.

³Value ranges from 1 to 100. Greater scores indicate more extremely limited upper limb function. ROM: Range of motion; E/F: Extension/flexion; P/S: Pronation/supination; ADL: Assessment of activities of daily living; LES: Liverpool Elbow Score; DASH: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand.