Hypertransaminasemia in the course of infection with SARS-CoV-2: Incidence and pathogenetic hypothesis

Table 1 Studies considering liver function in patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Ref.	Year 2020 (online date)	Number of patients with SARS-CoV-2	Number of patients with known liver diseases (%)	Number of patients with transaminase increased (%)
Zhang et al[3]	Mar 4	56	2 (3.6)	16 (28.6)
Guan et al[17]	Feb 28	1099	23 (2.3)	AST: 168/757 (22.2)
				ALT: 158/741 (21.3)
Huang et al[18]	Jan 24	41	1 (2.0)	5 (31)
Chen et al[19]	Jan 30	99	/	43 (43.0)
Wang et al[20]	Feb 7	138	4 (2.9)	/
Shi et al[21]	Feb 24	81	7 (8.6)	43 (53.1)
Xu et al[22]	Feb 19	62	7 (11.0)	10 (16.1)
Yang et al[23]	Feb 24	52	NA	15 (29.0)
Cai et al[24]	Feb 19	298	8 (2.7)	44 (14.8)
Fan et al[25]	Feb 28	148	/	75 (50.7)
Zhang et al[26]	Feb 27	82	2 (2.4)	64 (78)
Huang et al[27]	Mar 5	36	/	AST: 18/31 (58.06)
				ALT: 4/30 (13.3)
Ding et al[28]1	Mar 20	5	2 (40)	2 (40)
Wan et al[29]	Mar 21	135	2 (1.5)	AST: 33.4 (27.8-43.7) U/L (elevated)
				ALT: 26 (12.9-33.15) U/L
Jin et al[30]	Mar 24	74 (GI symptoms) vs 577 (No GI symptoms)	8/74 (10.81) vs 17/577 (2.95) (P = 0.004)	AST: 29.35 (20.87-38.62) U/L vs 24.4 (19.0-32.0) U/L (P = 0.02)
				ALT: 25.0 (15.75–38.47) U/L vs 21.5 (15.0–32.8) U/L (P = 0.203)
Zhang et al[31]	Apr 2	115	/	AST: 17/715 (9.6)
				ALT: 11/115 (14.8)

¹Five patients with a coinfection (COVID-19 + influenza virus). SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; GI: Gastrointestinal; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.