Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities on high-resolution esophageal manometry and treatment response of type II achalasia

Table 2 High-resolution esophageal manometry diagnoses based on the presence of upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities

		UES abnormal	UES normal	P value
		(n = 246) [n (%)]	(n = 252) [n (%)]
Mean DCI (mmHg/s/cm; mean ± SD)		1062.20 ± 873.25	1125.02 ± 887.87	0.281
Failed swallow		106 (45.3)	116 (43.9)	0.761
Panesophageal pressurization		27 (11.5)	26 (9.8)	0.542
Early contraction		36 (15.4)	36 (13.6)	0.580
Rapid contraction		29 (12.4)	28 (10.6)	0.532
Small-break		145 (62)	142 (53.8)	0.066
Large-break		37 (15.8)	49 (18.6)	0.418
Achalasia		13 (5.28)	5 (1.98)	0.049a
Type I		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	-
Type II		13 (5.28)	4 (1.59)	0.023a
Type III		0 (0.00)	1 (0.40)	0.323
EGJ outflow obstruction		19 (7.72)	27 (10.71)	0.238
Contraction vigor	Failed	16 (6.50)	10 (3.97)	0.096
	Weak	56 (22.76)	43 (17.06)
	Normal	174 (70.73)	199 (78.97)
Distal esophageal spasm		4 (1.63)	2 (0.79)	0.447
Hypercontractile esophagus		0 (0.00)	1 (0.40)	1.000
Ineffective esophageal motility		41 (16.67)	23 (9.13)	0.012a
Fragmented contraction		23 (9.35)	32 (12.70)	0.233

Level significance is indicated as follows:

^aP < 0.05. HREM: High-resolution esophageal manometry; UES: Upper esophageal sphincter; EGJ: Esophagogastric junction.