Cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 with a focus on children: A systematic review

Table 9 Classification of surgical and catheter-based procedures based on their relevance for the prognosis of the patients with congenital heart diseases and genetic heart diseases

Emergency cases (Not delay more than 24-48 h)	Urgent cases (Not delay more than days to weeks)	Elective cases (Delay > 2 mo)
	Surgical or catheter procedures
ECMO in hemodynamically unstable patient	Transposition of great vessels
PDA stent in unstable patient on prostaglandin treatment	Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome	Valvular regurgitations managed medically
Thrombosed shunt	Truncus arteriosus	Slow progressive aortic stenosis scheduled for Ross procedure
Pericardial tamponade	Obstructive lesions stabilized with prostaglandins	Pre-Fontan catheterization with adequate saturations on room air (> 75%)
Rashkind procedure	Glenn procedure with decreasing saturations (< 75%)
Heart transplant	Persistent heart failure in shunts on maximal anti congestive therapy
Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return	Endocarditis in hemodynamically stable patient
ALCAPA
Stenotic right ventricle-Pulmonary artery conduit with severe ventricular dysfunction
	Electrophysiological procedures
Emergency cases (Not delay more than 24-48 h)	Urgent cases (Not delay more than days to weeks)	Elective cases (Delay > 2 mo)
Cardiac arrest in association with pre-excited atrial fibrillation	Primary prevention defibrillator implants after life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia	Tilt-table test
Arrhythmia causing need for ECMO	Cardiac resynchronization therapy	Implantable loop recorder implants
Incessant arrhythmia with severe ventricular dysfunction	Ablation for medically refractory ventricular tachycardia	Ablation of stable arrhythmias adequate managed with drugs without cardiomyopathy
Pacemaker insertion for advanced AV-block	Ablation of SVT though to contribute to cardiomyopathy	Upgrades of devices
Defibrillator implant for secondary prevention of sudden death		Generator replacements with > 6 wk of battery remaining
Pacemaker generator replacement for pacing-dependent patients		Pacemaker implant for sinus node dysfunction, non-high-grade AV block and tachy-brady syndrome in middle symptomatic patients
Defibrillator generator replacement for patients with appropriate defibrillator therapies.
Ablation of supra ventricular arrhythmias causing hemodynamic deterioration and WPW syndrome associated with cardiac arrest
Transvenous lead extraction

ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ALCAPA: Anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery.