Acute distal common bile duct angle is risk factor for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in beginner endoscopist

Table 4 Clinical factors associated with post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in all patients, n (%)

	Total (n = 138)	With PEP (n = 12)	Without PEP (n = 126)	P value
				Univariable	Multivariable
Age (yr)	72.0 ± 10.8	72.1 ± 7.0	72.0 ± 11.1	0.978	-
Female	28 (20.3)	5 (41.7)	23 (18.3)	0.055	0.017a
Periampullary diverticulum	56 (40.6)	3 (25.0)	53 (42.1)	0.253	-
Erythema	19 (13.8)	2 (16.7)	17 (13.5)	0.762	-
Buldging	9 (6.5)	0 (0.0)	9 (7.1)	0.342	-
Malignancy	11 (8.7)	0 (0)	11 (8.7)	0.289	-
Benign diseases	127 (92.0)	12 (100)	115 (91.3)	-	-
Bile duct dilatation	9.7 ± 3.7	9.8 ± 3.9	9.7 ± 3.7	0.941	-
Acute angle	73 (52.9)	9 (75.0)	64 (50.8)	0.110	0.324
Beginner endoscopist	69 (50.0)	9 (75.0)	60 (47.6)	0.071	0.743
Cannulation time (min)	5.0 ± 4.7	6.7 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 4.9	0.201	0.052
Total Procedure time (min)	18.7 ± 9.1	16.8 ± 4.9	18.8 ± 9.4	0.467	-
P-duct insertion or injection	32 (23.2)	7 (58.3)	25 (19.8)	0.002a	0.003a
P-duct stent	27 (19.6)	3 (25.0)	24 (19.0)	0.622	-

^aP < 0.05.