Impact of resection margins on long-term survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma

Table 3 Median survival of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma (R2 resection was excluded)

Prognostic variables	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age in yr
≥ 60	1.000	-	0.218
< 60	0.770	0.508-1.167
Sex
M	1.000	-	0.959
F	0.995	0.807-1.226
Tumor size in cm
≥ 2	1.000	-	0.140
< 2	0.507	0.206-1.251
Differentiation degree
Poor	1.000		0.791
Well + Middle	0.944	0.619-1.442
Margin status
R0	1.000	-	0.0101	1.000		0.0331
R1	1.773	1.149-2.736		1.632	1.041-2.529
Bile duct invasion
Negative	1.000	-	0.654
Positive	1.100	0.724-1.677
Duodenal invasion
Negative	1.000	-	0.415
Positive	1.188	0.785-1.796
Nerve plexus invasion
Negative	1.000	-	0.484
Positive	1.159	0.766-1.754
Lymph node metastasis
Negative	1.000	-	0.238
Positive	1.285	0.847-1.947
Venous invasion
Negative	1.000	-	0.0021	1.000		0.0101
Positive	2.771	1.447-5.304		2.395	1.237-4.636
Postop. chemotherapy			0.427
No	1.000	-
Yes	0.846	0.561-1.277
Postop. radiotherapy			0.944
No	1.000	-
Yes	1.018	0.624-1.660
Op. blood loss (100 mL)	1.001.	1.000-1.002	0.081
Postop. hospital stay	1.026	0.999-1.054	0.057

¹Statistically significant. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.