Impress of intergenerational emotional support on the depression in non-cohabiting parents

Table 3 Results between other variables and depression

Variables		Depressive symptoms (cesd-10 score) (0-30)1	F or t	P value6
Demographic factors	Age		0.600	0.615
	45-50 (ref.)	12.81 ± 5.070
	51-60	13.14 ± 5.141
	61-70	13.02 ± 5.290
	71-	13.09 ± 5.245
	Gender		4.641	0.03a
	Male (ref.)	12.85 ± 5.123
	Female	13.24 ± 5.314
	Children’s number		7.775	0.000b
	1 child	12.20 ± 4.628
	2 children	13.22 ± 4.903
	3 children	13.46 ± 5.354
	4 children	13.20 ± 5.037
	5 and above	13.00 ± 6.279
	Gender of family children2		3.881	0.021a
	Male	12.88 ± 4.863
	Female	12.70 ± 4.936
	Both	13.22 ± 5.403
Socio- economic factors	Education level3 (children)		30.738	0.000b
	illiterate	15.00
	1-6 years education	14.40 ± 5.669
	7-12 years education	13.16 ± 5.264
	13 years education and above	12.22 ± 4.76
	income (children)4		13.112	0.000b
	No income	13.37 ± 5.481
	1-10000 yuan	14.15 ± 5.754
	10001-50000 yuan	13.23 ± 5.384
	50001-100000 yuan	12.74 ± 4.781
	More than 100000 yuan	11.80 ± 4.238
	areas of China		0.678	0.498
	Urban	13.14 ± 5.181
	Rural (ref.)	13.03 ± 5.248
Current health conditions	Chronic disease		-8.627	0.000b
	No	12.21 ± 4.734
	Yes	13.55 ± 5.431
	Chronic diseases num5		57.750	0.000b
	1	12.52 ± 5.049
	2	13.24 ± 5.004
	3 and above	14.93 ± 5.871

¹CEDS-10: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Range 0-30);

²Gender of family children: Classify all children in the family by sex into three categories (1 = male; 2 = female; 3 = both);

³Education level: Including 11 levels, 1 = no formal education (illiterate); 2 = didn’t finish primary school but could read and/or write; 3 = sishu/home school; 4 = elementary school; 5 = middle school; 6 = high school; 7 = vocational school; 8 = two or three-year college/associate degree; 9 = four-year college/bachelor degree; 10 = master degree; 11 = doctoral degree/PH.D. (were grouped into 4 groups based on the quartiles: 1 = 1 no formal education (illiterate); 2 = 2-4 (1-6years education); 3 = 5-7 (7-12 years education); 4 = 8-11 (13years education and above);

⁴Income: Total income of children in the past year, ranging from 1(no income) to 12 (more than 300000 yuan), mean = 3.01, SD = 0.996;

⁵Chronic disease’s number: Total number of diagnosed chronic diseases (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes or high blood glucose, cancer or malignant tumor, chronic lung diseases, liver disease, heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, stomach or other digestive disease, emotional or psychiatric problems, memory-related diseases, arthritis or rheumatism, asthma) (range 0-14, Mean = 2.21, SD = 1.305);

⁶Interval;

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.001.