Short-term efficacy of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for low rectal cancer

Table 2 Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative data between the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery group and laparoscopy group n (%)

Outcome	NOSES (n = 26)	LAP (n = 26)	P-value
Operative time (min)	182.1 ± 22.9	185.4 ± 26.6	0.628
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	60.8 ± 50.0	66.2 ± 48.4	0.695
Number of dissected lymph nodes (pieces)	13.8 ± 2.0	13.7 ± 1.4	0.752
CRM	0 (0)	2 (7.7)	0.490
Postoperative VAS			< 0.0011
Day 1	2.7 ± 1.8	4.6 ± 1.9
Day 3	2.0 ± 1.1	4.1 ± 1.2
Day 5	1.7 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 1.0
Usage rate of additional analgesics	3 (11.5)	16 (61.5)	0.001
Postoperative complication rate	6 (23.1)	10 (38.5)	0.229
Time to gastrointestinal function recovery (d)	2.6 ± 1.0	3.4 ± 0.9	0.006
Length of postoperative hospital stay (d)	7.1 ± 1.7	8.3 ± 1.1	0.003
Follow-up			0.428
Local recurrence	0 (0)	1 (3.8)
Distant metastasis	2 (7.7)	3 (11.5)
Death	1 (7.7)	0 (0)
Postoperative anal function			0.448
No LARS	3 (11.5)	4 (15.4)
Minor LARS	20 (76.9)	16 (61.5)
Major LARS	3 (11.5)	6 (23.1)
Postoperative satisfaction rate of abdominal wall appearance			< 0.001
Satisfied	26 (100)	6 (23.1)
Dissatisfied	0 (0)	20 (76.9)

¹The P-value was calculated by repeated measures statistical analysis. NOSES: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery; LAP: Laparoscopy; CRM: Circumferential resection margin; LARS: Low anterior resection syndrome.