Association of stiff-person syndrome with autoimmune endocrine diseases

Table 1 Clinical features of patients with stiff-person syndrome

Characteristic	Total number	Classical SPS	SLS
Number of patients (n)	14	12	2
Male (%)	9 (64.3)	7 (58.3)	2 (100)
Age of onset (yr)	39.3 (28.0-54.0)	35 (26.0-56.0)	46.7
Follow-up duration (yr)	6 (2.7-13.3)	9 (2.1-14.9)	4.3
Clinical feature
Low back stiffness and spasm (n)	12	12	0
Lower limb stiffness and spasm (n)	14	12	2
Lumbar lordosis (n)	8	8	0
Neck stiffness and spasm (n)	9	9	0
Upper limbs stiffness and spasm (n)	10	10	0
Abdominal wall stiffness and spasm (n)	11	11	0
Falls (n)	10	8	2
Exacerbating factors
Cold, noises, and emotional stress (n)	14	12	2
Excessive startle (n)	9	8	1
Neurological/psychiatric feature
Seizure/epilepsy (n)	2	2	0
Gait disturbances (n)	12	10	2
Parkinsonism (n)	2	2	0
Alzheimer’s disease (n)	2	2	0
Depression (n)	5	4	1
Anxiety (n)	8	7	1
Panic disorder (n)	2	2	0

SPS: Stiff-person syndrome; SLS: Stiff limb syndrome; GAD: Glutamic acid decarboxylase.