Respiratory training interventions improve health status of heart failure patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Effects of respiratory training interventions on outcomes in the network meta-analysis

		None	Aerobics	IMT_Pn	IMT_Pl	IMT_Pm	IMT_Ph	Qi_Ex
	Outcome of heart rate
The outcomes of VO2 peak	None	-	-1.31	0.11	-1.17	-1.04	-1.58	-1.74
			(-2.23, -0.39)	(-1.06, 1.28)	(-2.36, 0.02)	(-2.16, 0.09)	(-2.71, -0.46)	(-2.26, -1.23)
	Aerobics	-5.9	-	1.42	0.14	0.27	-0.27	-0.43
		(-8.36, -3.43)		(-0.07, 2.91)	(-0.89, 1.16)	(-0.94, 1.49)	(-1.10, 0.56)	(-1.25, 0.38)
	IMT_Pn	0.41	6.31	-	-1.28	-1.15	-1.69	-1.85
		(-0.96, 1.77)	(3.69, 8.93)		(-2.95, 0.39)	(-2.77, 0.47)	(-3.31, -0.07)	(-3.13, -0.58)
	IMT_Pl	-3.37	2.53	-3.78	-	0.13	-0.41	-0.57
		(-5.41, -1.32)	(1.15, 3.91)	(-6.00, -1.55)		(-0.95, 1.22)	(-1.13, 0.31)	(-1.74, 0.59)
	IMT_Pm	-3.87	2.03	-4.28	-0.5	-	-0.54	-0.71
		(-5.07, -2.68)	(-0.13, 4.19)	(-5.77, -2.79)	(-2.17, 1.16)		(-1.72, 0.63)	(-1.87, 0.46)
	IMT_Ph	-6.07	-0.18	-6.48	-2.71	-2.2	-	-0.16
		(-8.35, -3.80)	(-1.12, 0.77)	(-8.93, -4.03)	(-3.72, -1.69)	(-4.15, -0.26)		(-1.23, 0.91)
	Qi_Ex	-0.42	5.48	-0.83	2.95	3.46	5.66	-
		(-1.20, 0.36)	(2.90, 8.07)	(-2.40, 0.75)	(0.76, 5.14)	(2.03, 4.88)	(3.25, 8.07)
	Outcome of 6-min walking distance test
The outcome of Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHF)	None	-	0.97	-1.97	0.5	1.09	3.19	1.17
			(0.03, 1.92)	(-4.19, 0.26)	(-0.72, 1.72)	(0.01, 2.17)	(1.69, 4.68)	(0.64, 1.71)
	Aerobics	1.06	-	-2.94	-0.48	0.12	2.22	0.2
		(-0.42, 2.53)		(-5.20, -0.68)	(-1.74, 0.79)	(-1.02, 1.26)	(0.79, 3.64)	(-0.70, 1.10)
	IMT_Pn	0.1	-0.95	-	2.46	3.06	5.15	3.14
		(-1.60, 1.81)	(-3.06, 1.16)		(0.29, 4.64)	(1.11, 5.00)	(2.75, 7.56)	(0.89, 5.39)
	IMT_Pl	1.32	0.26	1.21	-	0.59	2.69	0.68
		(-0.41, 3.04)	(-1.51, 2.04)	(-1.07, 3.50)		(-0.38, 1.56)	(1.49, 3.89)	(-0.59, 1.95)
	IMT_Pm	2.1	1.04	2	0.78	-	2.1	0.08
		(0.92, 3.29)	(-0.46, 2.55)	(0.28, 3.72)	(-0.95, 2.52)		(0.69, 3.51)	(-1.05, 1.22)
	IMT_Ph	1.79	0.73	1.68	0.47	-0.31	-	-2.01
		(0.05, 3.53)	(-0.49, 1.95)	(-0.62, 3.99)	(-1.26, 2.20)	(-2.08, 1.45)		(-3.53, -0.50)
	Qi_Ex	1.42	0.37	1.32	0.1	-0.68	-0.37	-
		(0.59, 2.25)	(-1.21, 1.94)	(-0.57, 3.20)	(-1.77, 1.97)	(-2.09, 0.73)	(-2.21, 1.48)

IMT_Pn: Inspiratory muscle training without pressure or < 10% maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP; IMT_Pl: Inspiratory muscle training with low pressure, 10%-15% MIP; IMT_Pm: Inspiratory muscle training with medium pressure, 30%-40% MIP; IMT_Ph: Inspiratory muscle training with high pressure, 60% MIP or MIP plus aerobics; Aerobics: Aerobic exercise or weight training; Qi_Ex: Tai chi, yoga, and breathing exercise.