Cost-analysis of inpatient and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in orthopaedics: A systematic literature review

Table 6 Cost comparison (ratio) per case of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy vs inpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy

ID	First author	Year	Ref.	IPAT/OPAT
				Ratio per case	Ratio per day
1	Al Alawi	2015	[8]		2.501
2	Antoniskis	1978	[9]		3.39
3	Bernand	2001	[10]		5.50
4	Chapman	2009	[11]		2.45
5	Connors	2017	[12]	1.57
6	Gonzales	2017	[13]	1.85	5.30
7	Gray	2012	[14]
8	Grizzard	1991	[15]		1.42
9	Harrison	2015	[16]		2.40
10	Heintz	2011	[17]		17.34
11	Kieran	2009	[18]
12	Lacroix	2014	[19]		4.93
13	Malone	2015	[20]
14	Nathwani	2003	[21]	6.52
15	Nguyen	2010	[22]		3.06
16	Ruh	2015	[23]
17	Seaton	2014	[24]	1.99
18	Sims	2013	[25]	10.42	10.42
19	Theocharis	2012	[26]		1.10
20	Wai	2000	[27]	2.21
21	Yong	2009	[28]	0.97	1.64

¹Calculation simplified based on limited data. Calculations not applicable for two studies. A ratio above 1.0 indicates higher cost of inpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in comparison to outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. IPAT: Inpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy; OPAT: Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy.