Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections: A systematic review of treatment

Table 1 Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infection cases

Ref.	Year	Fungus	Gender	Age	Joint	Charlson comorbidity index	Antifungal treatment	Surgical treatment	Treatment duration	Outcome	Follow-up inmo	Time from implantation to symptoms onset in mo	Time from symptoms onset to definite diagnosis by culture, in mo
Koutserimpas et al[6]	2018	C. glabrata	Female	68	Knee	4	Anidulafungin / Voriconazole	TSRA	28 wk	Successful	-	180	0.5
Geng et al[7]	2016	C. glabrata	Male	78	Hip	4	Fluconazole / Amphotericin B / Caspofungin	Spacer implantation (failure)/RA	26 wk	Successful		11	34.8
Klatte et al[8]	2014	C. glabrata	Female	81	Hip	4	Flucytosine / Amphotericin. B / Fluconazole	OSRA	-	Successful		8	-
Zhu et al[9]	2014	C. glabrata	Male	44	Hip	-	Amphotericin B / Voriconazole	No	6 wk	Successful	3	-	5
Anagnostakos et al[10]	2012	C. glabrata	Female	51	Hip	6	Fluconazole	TSRA	6 wk	Successful	70	-	-
Anagnostakos et al[10]	2012	C. glabrata	Male	78	Hip	6	Fluconazole	TSRA	6 wk	Successful	15	-	-
Bartalesi et al[11]	2012	C. glabrata	Female	60	Hip	-	Voriconazole / Caspofungin + Amphotericin B	TSRA	6 wk	Successful	48	-	-
Hall et al[12]	2012	C. glabrata	Female	60	Hip	4	Caspofungin	RA	6 wk	-	-	< 0.5	0.2
Dumaine et al[13]	2008	C. glabrata	-	72	Knee	5	Caspofungin + Flucytosine / Fluconazole + Flucytosine	Arthrodesis	16 wk	Successful	15	-	-
Lejko-Zupanc et al[14]	2005	C. glabrata	Male	74	Hip	5	Amphotericin B + Fluconazole / Caspofungin	RA	→ 3 wk	Successful	36	72	-
Fabry et al[15]	2005	C. glabrata	Female	74	Knee	6	Voriconazole	2x Debridement	32 wk	Death from unrelated causes while on therapy	24	72	-
Gaston et al[16]	2004	C. glabrata	Female	42	Knee	4	Voriconazole / Amphotericin B	Amputation (above knee)	8 wk	Successful	6	264	-
Açikgöz et al[17]	2002	C. glabrata	Female	70	Knee	-	Fluconazole	Arthrodesis	-	Successful	7.5	9	6
Ramamohan et al[18]	2001	C. glabrata	Female	65	Hip	-	Amphotericin B + Flucytosine	TSRA	7 wk	Successful	24	48	-
Selmon et al[19]	1998	C. glabrata	Female	75	Knee	5	Amphotericin B/Itraconazole + Fluconazole	OSRA	> 8 wk	Successful	48	84	-
Nayeri et al[20]	1997	C. glabrata	Female	62	Hip	4	Amphotericin B+ Flucytosine / Itraconazole + Flucytosine	OSRA	11 wk	Successful	22	60	-
Darouiche et al[21]	1989	C. glabrata	Female	69	Hip	-	Amphotericin B	RA	1 wk	Successful	-	27	0.5
Goodman et al[22]	1983	C. glabrata	Female	69	Hip	3	-	RA	-	Successful	12	27	-
Geng et al[7]	2016	C. papapsilosis	Male	67	Knee	3	Fluconazole	TSRA	10 wk	Successful	48	3	-
Wang et al[23]	2015	C. parapsilosis	Female	67	Knee	4	Fluconazole	TSRA	10 wk	Successful	27	-	-
Wang et al[23]	2015	C. parapsilosis	Male	74	Knee	5	Fluconazole	TSRA	8 wk	Successful	30	-	-
Wang et al[23]	2015	C. pasapsilosis	Female	71	Knee	4	Fluconazole	TSRA	6 wk	Successful	62	-	-
Klatte et al[8]	2014	C. parapsilosis	Male	69	Knee	8	Flucytosine+ Amphotericin. B	OSRAx3 (Failure the first 2 times)	-	Successful	19	1	-
Klatte et al[8]	2014	C. parapsilosis	Female	82	Knee	4	Flucytosine+ Amphotericin. B	OSRA	-	Successful		2	-
Klatte et al[8]	2014	C. parapsilosis	Male	46	Knee	1	Flucytosine+ Amphotericin. B	OSRA	-	Successful		6	-
Ueng et al[24]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	62	Knee	4	Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	≥ 24	4.5	1.5
Ueng et al[24]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	77	Knee	-	Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	≥ 24	4	3
Ueng et al[24]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	66	Hip	-	Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	≥ 24	2	1
Ueng et al[24]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	76	Knee	8	Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	≥ 24	33	2
Ueng et al[24]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	36	Knee	-	Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	≥ 24	74	2
Ueng et al[24]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	66	Hip	4	Fluconazole	RA	-	-	-	2	2
Kuiper et al[25]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	58	Hip	-	None	RA/refused further treatment	-	Refused further treatment	8	-	-
Chiu et al[26]	2013	C. parapsilosis	Male	71	Hip	5	Fluconazole	RA	40 wk	Successful	24	48	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	71	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	46	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	76	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	56	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	76	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	67	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	72	Knee	-	Fluconazole,	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	73	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female1	611	Bilateral Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	65	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female1	611	Bilateral Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	46	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	67	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	65	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	68	Knee	-	Fluconazole,	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	69	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	68	Knee	-	Fluconazole,	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	42	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	67	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	49	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	60	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	41	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Female	73	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	52	-	-
Anagnostakos et al[10]	2012	C. parapsilosis	Male	67	Knee	-	Fluconazole	RA	6 wk	-	-	-	-
Dutronc et al[27]	2010	C. parapsilosis	Male	66	Hip	5	Fluconazole	TSRA	24 wk	Successful	-	0	-
Dutronc et al[27]	2010	C. parapsilosis	Female	77	Hip	4	Ampotericin B + fluorocytosine / Fluconazole	RA	38 wk	Successful	-	5	-
Antony et al[28]	2008	C. parapsilosis	Female	67	Shoulder	3	Voriconazole / Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	6	-	-
Antony et al[28]	2008	C. parapsilosis	Female	67	Hip	3	Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	-	-	-
Yang et al[29]	2001	C. parapsilosis	Female	68	Knee	3	Fluconazole	TSRA	10 wk	Successful	48	0	16
Bruce et al[30]	2001	C. parapsilosis	Female	51	Hip	-	Fluconazole	TSRA	-	Successful	84	36	36
Brooks[31]	1998	C. parapsilosis	Male	64	Knee	5	Amphotericin B/Fluconazole	Debridement	28 wk	Successful	24	15	4
Wada et al[32]	1998	C. parapsilosis	Male	77	Knee	4	Fluconazole	Debridement	28 wk	Successful	36	0.5	0.5
Cushing et al[33]	1997	C. parapsilosis	Female	73	Knee	-	Fluconazole	No	> 24 wk	Successful	12	1	-
Fukasawa et al[34]	1997	C. parapsilosis	Female	80	Knee	-	Fluconazole	Debridement	53 wk	Successful	24		2
White et al[35]	1995	C. parapsilosis	Female	64	Knee	-	Fluconazole/Ampotericin B / Itraconazole	RA	20 wk	Successful	-	0	9
Tunkel et al[36]	1993	C. parapsilosis	Male	37	Knee	6	Amphotericin B / Ketoconazole / Fluconazole	TSRA (Failure)/Amputation (Successful)	-	Successful	7	4	0
Paul et al[37]	1992	C. pasapsilosis	Male	63	Knee	-	Amphotericin + fluorocytosine / ketoconazole	Arthrodesis	9 wk	Successful	24	3	4
Lim et al[38]	1986	C. parapsilosis	Male	35	Knee	-	Fluorocytosine	Arthrodesis	-	-	-	0	6
Younkin et al[39]	1984	C. parapsilosis	Female	75	Hip	-	Fluorocytosine+ Amphotericin B	TSRA	6 wk	Successful	24	0	60
Lichtman[40]	1983	C. parapsilosis	Male	59	Shoulder	-	Amphotericin B / ketoconazole	RA	Indefinite (> 58 d)	--	-	20	9
MacGregor et al[41]	1979	C. parapsilosis	Male	64	Knee	-	Amphotericin B + Fluorocytosine	Non-surgical (failure)/ then RA	21 wk	Successful	12	27	5
Sebastian et al[42]	2017	C. tropicalis	Male	53	Hip	3	Fluconazole	TSRA	28 wk	Successful	NR	24	0
Reddy et al[43]	2013	C. tropicalis	Female	62	Knee	3	Fluconazole	TSRA	30 wk	Successful	24	22.5	1.5
Ueng et al[24]	2013	C. tropicalis	Male	67	Hip	-	Fluconazole	RA	-	-	-	15	1
Lidder et al[44]	2013	C. tropicalis	Female	76	Hip	-	Amphotericin B	RA	24 wk	Successful	24	36	15
Azam et al[45]	2008	C. tropicalis	Male	73	Hip	6	Caspofungin / Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 9 wk, (Caspofungin 1 wk, fluconazole ≥ 8 wk)	Successful	12	108	-
Wyman et al[46]	2002	C. tropicalis	Male	62	Knee		Fluconazole / Amphotericin B	TSRA	18 wk	Successful	36	0.25	6
Darouiche et al[21]	1989	C. tropicalis	Male	72	Hip	4	Amphotericin B / ketoconazole	Debridement (failure)/ RA	12 wk	Successful	36	0.5	1
Lambertus et al[47]	1988	C. tropicalis	Male	61	Hip	3	Amphotericin B	RA	-	Successful	24	6	6
Lambertus et al[47]	1988	C. tropicalis	Male	65	Hip	-	Amphotericin B / ketoconazole	RA/ arthrodesis	>24 wk	Successful	14	4	4
73.Goodman et al[30]	1983	C. tropicalis	Female	59	Knee	-	Amphotericin B	TSRA (failure)/ RA	6 wk	Successful	12	3	6
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. pelliculosa	Female	67	Knee	-	Fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	56	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C .pelliculosa	Female	64	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	35	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. pelliculosa	Male	75	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	34	-	-
Klatte et al[8]	2014	C. lusitaniae	Male	74	Knee	6	Voriconazole	OSRA	-	Successful		12	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. lusitaniae	Female	66	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	43	-	-
Hwang et al[4]	2012	C. famata	Female	83	Knee	-	Amphotericin B / fluconazole	TSRA	≥ 6 wk	Successful	33	-	-
Anagnostakos et al[10]	2012	C. lipolytica	Male	77	Hip	7	Fluconazole	TSRA	6 wk	Successful	22	-	-
Wang et al[23]	2015	C. utilis	Female	56	Knee	2	Fluconazole	TSRA	6 wk	Successful	24	-	5
Dutronc et al[27]	2010	C. guillermondii	Male	76	Knee	4	Amphotericin B+ fluorocytosine / Fluconazole	None	14 wk (2 wk AMB+5FC, then 3 mo FZ)	Failure	-	0	-
Geng et al[7]	2016	C. freyschussii	Female	58	Knee	2	Fluconazole / Caspofungin	TSRA	10 wk	Successful	55	<0.25

Patient demographics, antifungal treatment, its duration, as well as infection outcome and follow-up period are presented.

¹Bilateral PJI in the same patient; -: Not reported or unclear. TSRA: Two stage revision arthroplasty; OSRA: One stage revision arthroplasty; RA: Resection arthroplasty.