Local advanced rectal cancer perforation in the midst of preoperative chemoradiotherapy: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Characteristics of perforated local advanced rectal cancer associated with 5-fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy

Case	Ref.	Sex	Time to perforation	Surgical intervention (additional surgery)	TNM	Outcome
		Age	Total dose of RT (Gy/fr)		Classification1
1	Lee et al[22]	F	5 D after planned CRT	LAR	cT4, NX, MX	Alive
		67	50 Gy/28 fr		pT4, N2, M0
2	Lee et al[22]	F	Immediately after planned CRT	Ileostomy	cT4, NX, MX	Alive
		78	54 Gy/unknown
3	Lee et al[22]	M	2 W in the middle of planned CRT	Colostomy	cT3, NX, MX	Perioperative death
		72	21.6 Gy/unknown
4	Lee et al[22]	M	4 W in the middle of planned CRT	Colectomy with ileostomy	cT3, NX, MX	Perioperative death
		76	36 Gy/unknown
5	Khan et al[20]	M	1 W after planned CRT	LAR	cT3, N1, M0	Alive
		47	50.45 Gy/28 fr		pT3, N2, M0
6	ElGendy et al[23]	F	2 W after planned CRT	LAR	cT3, N1, M0	Alive
		55	45 Gy/unknown		pT3, N2, M0
7	Our case	M	25 D in the middle of planned CRT	Colectomy (APR after remaining planned CRT)	cT4, N2, M0	Alive
		56	36 Gy/20 fr		pT3, N0, M0

¹According to the TNM classification by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)[5]. The following cases searched common literature search engines (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar) through August 2016, using search terms related to rectal cancer, perforation and chemoradiotherapy. LAR: Low anterior resection; APR: Abdominoperineal resection; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; RT: Radiotherapy; F: Female; M: Male.