Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2026; 14(9): 118187
Published online Mar 26, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

Table 6 Ejection fraction categories before and after immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in patients with post-immune checkpoint inhibitors cardiac complications (n = 14), n (%)

Ejection fraction category (%)	Pre-ICI	Post-ICI
< 30 (severe dysfunction)	1 (7.1)	1 (7.1)
30-39 (moderate dysfunction)	0 (0.0)	3 (21.4)
40-49 (mild dysfunction)	1 (7.1)	3 (21.4)
50-55 (borderline normal)	5 (35.7)	2 (14.3)
> 55 (normal)	7 (50.0)	5 (35.7)

ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Citation: Chapra A, Ata F, Abdellatif A, Nofal M, Daniyal A, Mohammad Younus A, Shah JZ, Rasul K. Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(9): 118187
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v14/i9/118187.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

Chapra A, Ata F, Abdellatif A, Nofal M, Daniyal A, Mohammad Younus A, Shah JZ, Rasul K. Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(9): 118187 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187]

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