Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2026; 14(9): 118187
Published online Mar 26, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

Table 5 Comparison of pre- and post-immune checkpoint inhibitors echocardiographic parameters in patients with adverse cardiac events (n = 14), median (interquartile range)/mean ± SD

Variable	Pre-ICI	Post-ICI
LVEDD (mm)	46.5 (42-50)	47 (37.5-52)
LVESD (mm)	32 (28-35)	32.5 (27-37.5)
Left atrial volume index (mL/m²)	26.3 (21.9-30.9)	24.5 (21.4-28.2)
TAPSE (mm)	19 (15-22)	16 (14-20)
PASP (mmHg)	24.35 (21.84-32.04)	28.84 (17.22-31.67)
Mitral E/A ratio	0.89 (0.58-1.43)	0.98 (0.47-1.07)
TDI E/e’ ratio	7.07 (5.29-10.61)	7.89 (7.8-8)
IVST (mm)	11 (9-11.5)	10 (8.5-11.5)
PWT (mm)	9.5 (7.5-11)	10 (8-11)
Global longitudinal strain (%)	-17 ± 1.7	-12.1 ± 3.2

ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitors; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD: Left ventricular end-systolic diameter; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; PASP: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure; E/A ratio: Early diastolic/atrial contraction velocity ratio; TDI/E/e’: Tissue Doppler imaging e’/E ratio; IVST: Interventricular septal thickness; PWT: Posterior wall thickness.

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Citation: Chapra A, Ata F, Abdellatif A, Nofal M, Daniyal A, Mohammad Younus A, Shah JZ, Rasul K. Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(9): 118187
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v14/i9/118187.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

Chapra A, Ata F, Abdellatif A, Nofal M, Daniyal A, Mohammad Younus A, Shah JZ, Rasul K. Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(9): 118187 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187]

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