Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2026; 14(9): 118187
Published online Mar 26, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

Table 4 Clinical spectrum and temporal characteristics of post-immune checkpoint inhibitors cardiac adverse events (n = 14), n (%)

Characteristic	Value
Median time from ICI start to cardiotoxicity, days (IQR)	122 (92-355)
Type of cardiac complication¹
Myocarditis	2 (14.3)
Atrial fibrillation	1 (7.1)
Heart block (complete)	1 (7.1)
Heart failure	6 (42.9)
Cardiomyopathy (ischemic)	1 (7.1)
Pericardial effusion	3 (21.4)
Cardiac tamponade	1 (7.1)
Cardiogenic shock	1 (7.1)
ACS/CAD	4 (28.5)
Sudden cardiac death	1 (7.1)
NCI CTCAE grade
Grade 1	0
Grade 2	3 (21.4)
Grade 3	4 (28.6)
Grade 4	3 (21.4)
Grade 5 (death)	4 (28.6)

¹Percentages may exceed 100% as individual patients could experience more than one type of cardiac complication.

ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitors; IQR: Interquartile range; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; CAD: Coronary artery disease; NCI CTCAE: National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.

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Citation: Chapra A, Ata F, Abdellatif A, Nofal M, Daniyal A, Mohammad Younus A, Shah JZ, Rasul K. Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(9): 118187
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v14/i9/118187.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187

Chapra A, Ata F, Abdellatif A, Nofal M, Daniyal A, Mohammad Younus A, Shah JZ, Rasul K. Incidence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events: A descriptive study from the Middle East. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(9): 118187 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118187]

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