Correlation between esmolol usage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and outcomes of patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis

Table 6 Clinical characteristics of the esmolol-untreated (n = 36) and esmolol-treated (n = 18) subgroups among patients with arrhythmia-atrial fibrillation (n = 54) and the safety and efficacy assessments of esmolol, n (%)/median (range)

Characteristic	NEsG	EsG	P value
Sex
Female	19 (52.8)	6 (33.3)	0.18
Male	17 (47.2)	12 (66.7)
Age, years	74 (40-88)	72 (42-88)	0.7
Time-window, minutes	130 (45-250)	145 (75-270)	0.8
NIHSS (admission)	12 (3-25)	12 (3-23)	0.8
Diabetes mellitus
No	26 (72.2)	14 (77.8)	0.75
Yes	10 (27.8)	4 (22.2)
Hypertension
No	9 (25)	3 (16.7)	0.73
Yes	27 (75)	15 (83.3)
Smoking habit
No	30 (83.3)	14 (77.8)	0.7
Yes	6 (16.7)	4 (22.2)
Hyperlipidemia
No	27 (75)	14 (77.8)	1
Yes	9 (25)	4 (22.2)
Vascular disease
No	27 (75)	13 (72.2)	1
Yes	9 (25)	5 (27.8)
Former ischemic stroke
No	29 (80.6)	17 (94.4)	0.25
Yes	7 (19.4)	1 (5.6)
Length of stay, days	3 (1-29)	3.5 (2-39)	0.207
Advanced critical/neurocritical care
No	33 (91.7)	13 (72.2)	0.1
Yes	3 (8.3)	5 (27.8)
Primary adverse event
No	34 (94.4)	17 (94.4)	1
Yes	2 (5.6)	1 (5.6)
Death at 3 months
No	31 (86.1)	15 (83.3)	1
Yes	5 (13.9)	3 (16.7)
Functional outcome (3 months - mRS)	1 (0-6)	3 (0-6)	0.16
Favourable (mRS ≤ 2)	24 (66.7)	8 (44.4)	0.12
Unfavourable (mRS > 2)	12 (33.3)	10 (55.6)

NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale; NEsG: Esmolol-untreated; EsG: Esmolol-treated.