Correlation between esmolol usage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and outcomes of patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis

Table 5 Clinical characteristics of the esmolol-untreated (n = 87) and esmolol-treated (n = 8) subgroups among patients without arrythmia (n = 95) and the safety and efficacy assessments of esmolol, n (%)/median (range)

Characteristic	NEsG	EsG	P value
Sex
Female	23 (26.4)	2 (25)	1
Male	64 (73.6)	6 (75)
Age, years	67 (30-86)	57 (49-86)	0.22
Time-window, minutes	145 (55-250)	157.5 (125-220)	0.78
NIHSS (admission)	10 (2-28)	10.5 (6-20)	0.87
Diabetes mellitus
No	70 (80.5)	7 (87.5)	1
Yes	17 (19.5)	1 (12.5)
Hypertension
No	39 (44.8)	1 (12.5)	0.13
Yes	48 (55.2)	7 (87.5)
Smoking habit
No	65 (74.7)	5 (62.5)	0.43
Yes	22 (25.3)	3 (37.5)
Hyperlipidemia
No	65 (74.7)	6 (75)	1
Yes	22 (25.3)	2 (25)
Vascular disease
No	69 (79.3)	7 (87.5)	1
Yes	18 (20.7)	1 (12.5)
Former ischemic stroke
No	77 (88.5)	4 (50)	0.015
Yes	10 (11.5)	4 (50)
Length of stay, days	2 (1-52)	9 (1-52)	0.006
Advanced critical/neurocritical care
No	81 (93.1)	5 (62.5)	0.026
Yes	6 (6.9)	3 (37.5)
Primary adverse event
No	85 (97.7)	6 (75)	0.034
Yes	2 (2.3)	2 (25)
Death at 3 months
No	79 (90.8)	5 (62.5)	0.048
Yes	8 (9.2)	3 (37.5)
Functional outcome (3 months - mRS)	1 (0-6)	4.5 (0-6)	0.18
Favourable (mRS ≤ 2)	62 (71.3)	3 (37.5)	0.1
Unfavourable (mRS > 2)	25 (28.7)	5 (62.5)

NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale; NEsG: Esmolol-untreated; EsG: Esmolol-treated.