Correlation between esmolol usage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and outcomes of patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis

Table 3 Clinical characteristics of the esmolol-treated (n = 22) and esmolol-untreated (n = 75) subgroups among patients with hypertension (n = 97) and the safety and efficacy assessments of esmolol, n (%)/median (range)

Characteristic	NEsG	EsG	P value
Sex
Female	28 (37.3)	6 (27.3)	0.38
Male	47 (62.7)	16 (72.7)
Age, years	72 (48-88)	69.5 (42-88)	0.57
Time-window, minutes	140 (45-250)	145 (75-270)	0.9
NIHSS (admission)	11 (2-28)	11.5 (6-22)	0.97
Diabetes mellitus
No	52 (69.3)	17 (77.3)	0.47
Yes	23 (30.7)	5 (22.7)
Smoking habit
No	58 (77.3)	16 (72.7)	0.66
Yes	17 (22.7)	6 (27.3)
Hyperlipidemia
No	55 (73.3)	16 (72.7)	0.96
Yes	20 (26.7)	6 (27.3)
Vascular disease
No	58 (77.3)	16 (72.7)	0.66
Yes	17 (22.7)	6 (27.3)
Former ischemic stroke
No	64 (85.3)	17 (77.3)	0.35
Yes	11 (14.7)	5 (22.7)
Length of stay, days	3 (1-52)	4 (1-52)	0.013
Advanced critical/neurocritical care
No	69 (92)	17 (77.3)	0.118
Yes	6 (8)	5 (22.7)
Primary adverse event
No	72 (96)	21 (95.5)	1
Yes	3 (4)	1 (4.5)
Death at 3 months
No	65 (86.7)	17 (77.3)	0.32
Yes	10 (13.3)	5 (22.7)
Functional outcome (3 months - mRS)	1 (0-6)	3 (0-6)	0.23
Favourable (mRS ≤ 2)	50 (66.7)	10 (45.5)	0.07
Unfavourable (mRS > 2)	25 (33.3)	12 (54.5)

NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale; EsG: Esmolol-treated; NEsG: Esmolol-untreated.