Esophageal stricture due to amyloidosis in plasma cell dyscrasia: A case report and review of literature

Table 3 Selected previously published case reports and case series of esophageal amyloidosis

Ref.	Study type	Age, sex	Clinical presentation	Endoscopic findings	Type of amyloidosis	Treatment and outcome
Shatnawei et al[13]	Case report	70, male	Hematemesis, Dysphagia	Ulcerated mucosa	NR	Symptom resolution
Fujiya et al[18]	Case report	72, male	Asymptomatic, Incidental findings	Subepithelial lesion in proximal esophagus	AL (λ)-type localized esophageal amyloidosis	On close follow-up, no symptoms occurred
Ailawadi et al[17]	Case report	74, male	Dysphagia	Distal esophageal stricture and endoscopically normal mucosa, but a biopsy-positive lesion in the proximal esophagus	NR	Not reported
Merchant et al[21]	Case report	79, male	Dysphagia and weight loss	Fluid-filled esophagus; manometry: Type 2 achalasia	NR	Symptoms improved with peroral endoscopic myotomy
Ranjan et al[22]	Case report	65, female	Dysphagia	Endoscopy/barium swallow normal; manometry showed low-amplitude, non-propulsive contractions	Multiple myeloma	NR
Ng et al[23]	Case report	85, male	Dysphagia	Large globular mass in the posterior pharyngeal wall and esophageal inlet	ATTR variant	Expired
Bhavani et al[24]	Case report	44, female	Dysphagia	Post-cricoid stricture	NR	NR
Cowan et al[4]	Case series (n = 76; Esophageal: 6)	Male: 62%; age: 61 (median)	Weight loss, heart burn	NR	AL - systemic	Mortality in 4%
Palchaudhuri et al[25]	Case report	69, male	Acute food bolus obstruction	Stricture and ulceration in mid esophagus	NR	Expired
Kahi et al[26]	Case report	47/male	Dysphagia	Submucosal tumor-like lesion in the esophagus	AL (κ) - Amyloidosis	Stable, without treatment
Wongjarupong et al[27]	Case report	72/male	Dysphagia	Normal endoscopy; manometry: Type II achalasia	AL (κ), associated with multiple myeloma	Localized Botulinum toxin, partial improvement
Prokaeva et al[28]	Case report	66/male	Abdominal pain, weight loss	Multiple diminutive nodules in middle third of esophagus	Hereditary AApoAI, novel APOA1 p.Trp96Arg (W72R)	Observation/follow-up; no new organ involvement over approximately 6 years

AApoAI: Hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis; AL: Amyloid light-chain; ATTR: Transthyretin amyloidosis; NR: Not reported.