Peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with dental prostheses: A case report

Table 2 Diagnostic considerations in gingival nodular lesions

Lesion	Typical clinical clues	Role of histopathology
Peripheral giant cell granuloma	Red-purple gingival/alveolar ridge nodule; may ulcerate; reactive setting	Confirms multinucleated giant cells in vascular stroma with hemorrhage/hemosiderin
Pyogenic granuloma	Soft, highly vascular, bleeds easily	Distinguishes capillary granulation tissue pattern from PGCG
Peripheral ossifying fibroma	Firmer, often paler, gingival mass	Demonstrates fibrous proliferation with mineralized material
Fibroma	Firm, mucosal-colored nodule	Shows dense fibrous connective tissue
Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism	Giant cell lesion pattern with systemic metabolic context	Requires clinicopathologic and biochemical correlation
Plasma cell gingivitis	Diffuse erythematous/plasma cell-rich gingival changes	Histology and, if needed, adjunctive workup aid exclusion of mimics
Hematologic/neoplastic lesions (e.g., plasmacytoma, leukemia-related enlargement)	Atypical appearance, systemic signs, rapid progression, or unusual site/course	Biopsy is essential; immunohistochemistry may be required

PGCG: Peripheral giant cell granuloma.