Perioperative nutrition and multidisciplinary care in gastrointestinal oncology surgery: Evidence-based strategies to enhance recovery and inform readmission prevention

Table 1 Literature search strategy used for identification of studies included in this narrative review

Database	Search period	Search strategy
PubMed/MEDLINE	January 1, 2005 to June 30, 2026	(“gastrointestinal cancer” OR “gastrointestinal neoplasms” OR “esophageal cancer” OR “gastric cancer” OR “colorectal cancer” OR “pancreatic cancer” OR “liver cancer” OR “hepatic resection”) AND (“nutrition” OR “nutritional support” OR “oral nutritional supplements” OR “enteral nutrition” OR “parenteral nutrition” OR “immunonutrition” OR “prehabilitation” OR “sarcopenia” OR “myosteatosis”) AND (“Enhanced Recovery After Surgery” OR ERAS OR “perioperative care” OR “multidisciplinary care” OR “postoperative recovery” OR “hospital readmission”). Filters: English language, human studies, adults
EMBASE	January 1, 2005 to June 30, 2026	Equivalent combination of Emtree terms and free-text keywords relating to gastrointestinal malignancies, perioperative nutrition, nutritional support, ERAS, prehabilitation, immunonutrition, sarcopenia, multidisciplinary care, postoperative recovery, and readmission
Scopus	January 1, 2005 to June 30, 2026	Title, abstract, and keyword search using combinations of gastrointestinal cancer, perioperative nutrition, nutritional support, ERAS, prehabilitation, immunonutrition, sarcopenia, postoperative recovery, and readmission
Google Scholar	January 1, 2005 to June 30, 2026	Broad keyword searches combining gastrointestinal cancer, perioperative nutrition, ERAS, nutritional support, sarcopenia, prehabilitation, postoperative recovery, and readmission. The first 200 results ranked by relevance for each search combination were screened
Additional manual search	Through July 2026	Reference lists of eligible articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, ESPEN guidelines, ERAS Society guidelines, and relevant international consensus documents were screened for additional eligible studies and landmark publications

Search terms were adapted to the indexing system of each database. Controlled vocabulary, including Medical Subject Headings in PubMed/MEDLINE and Emtree terms in EMBASE, was combined with free-text keywords using Boolean operators (AND/OR). The database search was completed on June 30, 2026; manual reference screening was completed in July 2026. ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery; ESPEN: European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.