Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the distal common bile duct: A case report and literature review

Table 2 Summary of individual patient data from the literature review (24 representative cases out of 49 total patients included in the analysis)

Ref.	Age (year)	Sex	Histology	Surgical procedure	Resection margin	Adjuvant chemotherapy	Overall survival (months)	Outcome
Sasatomi et al[3], 2013	76	M	LCNEC (pure)	Right hepatectomy + bile duct resection	R0	None	< 1 (21 days)	DOD
Kamiya et al[6], 2020	84	M	NEC with adenosquamous ca. (MiNEN)	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	NR	No (rapid progression)	3	DOD
Kim et al[10], 2011	66	F	NEC (gallbladder)	Extended cholecystectomy	R0	None	13.7	DOD
Kim et al[10], 2011	69	M	NEC (bile duct)	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	R0	NR	11.6	DOD
Kim et al[10], 2011	56	M	NEC (ampulla)	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	R0	None	> 102.1	NED
Kim et al[10], 2011	60	F	MANEC (gallbladder)	Extended cholecystectomy	R0	NR	33.9	DOD
Kim et al[10], 2011	54	M	MANEC (bile duct)	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	R0	NR	5.2	DOD
Murakami et al[14], 2016	80	M	LCNEC + Adenoca. (MiNEN)	Extrahepatic bile duct resection	R0	No (poor condition)	3	DOD
Park et al[15], 2014	75	F	LCNEC (pure)	CBD excision + HJ	R0	5-FU + epirubicin + cisplatin	12	DOD
Park et al[17], 2022	60	F	LCNEC + Adenoca. (MiNEN)	Left hepatectomy + caudatectomy	NR	EP × 6 cycles	7+	NED
Park et al[17], 2022	67	M	LCNEC + Adenoca. (MiNEN)	PPPD	NR	EP × 6 cycles	7+	NED
Sato et al[18], 2006	68	M	LCNEC + Adenoca. (MiNEN)	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	NR	NR	3	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	63	M	SCNEC (distal bile duct)	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	R0	EP (after recurrence)	25.3 (759 days)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	77	M	SCNEC (distal bile duct)	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	R0	None	22.5 (674 days)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	61	M	LCNEC (gallbladder)	Cholecystectomy + IVb/V resection	R0	EP (after recurrence)	10.1 (302 days)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	57	F	SCNEC (gallbladder)	Cholecystectomy + IVb/V resection	R1	None	7.7 (230 days)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	72	F	SCNEC (gallbladder)	Cholecystectomy + IVb/V resection	R0	None	26.0 (781 days)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	67	F	SCNEC (gallbladder)	Cholecystectomy + IVb/V resection	R0	None	15.5 (465 days)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	65	F	LCNEC (hilar)	CBD resection + HJ	R0	None	20.8 (624 d)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	67	F	SCNEC (hilar)	CBD resection + HJ	R0	None	31.8 (953 days)	DOD
Liu et al[19], 2026	57	F	NR (hilar)	CBD resection + HJ	R0	None	2.2 (67 days)	Alive
Zhang et al[16], 2025	75	M	LCNEC + Adenoca. (MiNEN)	Laparoscopic radical resection	R0	Declined	6 (then recurrence)	AWD
Park et al[20], 2018	59	M	LCNEC (pure)	Radical CBD excision + HJ	R1	EP + radiotherapy	10+	NED
Present case (2026)	73	M	LCNEC + Adenoca. (MiNEN)	Laparoscopic PD	R1 (bile duct)	EP × 6 cycles	12+	NED

Kim et al[10] reported 20 patients with biliary neuroendocrine tumors; only representative cases with neuroendocrine carcinoma/mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma histology are shown in this table. For the complete dataset, please refer to the original publication. LCNEC: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; SCNEC: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; MiNEN: Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm; MANEC: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma; NEC: Neuroendocrine carcinoma; ca.: Carcinoma; Adenoca.: Adenocarcinoma; CBD: Common bile duct; HJ: Hepaticojejunostomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; EP: Etoposide plus cisplatin; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; NR: Not reported; DOD: Died of disease; NED: No evidence of disease; AWD: Alive with disease; +: Ongoing follow-up; M: Male; F: Female.