Successful management of third-trimester scorpion envenomation (Parabuthus maximus) in a resource-limited setting: A case report

Table 5 Literature review

Ref.	Country	Trimester	Management	Maternal outcome	Fetal outcome
Najafian et al[2], 2020	Iran	All	Antivenom administered 6-12 hours post-sting; supportive care	Stable	11% neonatal complications; Apgar < 8 in 11.3% of preterm births
Ben Nasr et al[8], 2009	Tunisia	All	Supportive care; antivenom use recommended	Stable	Risk of preterm birth, fetal anomalies, and long-term developmental issues
Kaplanoglu and Helvaci[6], 2015	Turkey	All	Symptomatic care (no antivenom)	Stable	All live births
Leibenson et al[7], 2009	Israel	3rd	Supportive care	Stable	Stillbirth
Brown et al[10], 2013	Review	All	Supportive care; antivenom for severe cases	Optimal outcomes with early intervention	Improved fetal outcomes with maternal stabilisation
Present case, 2025	Kenya	3rd	Early antivenom; multidisciplinary care	Full recovery	Healthy neonate