Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Retrospective Cohort Study

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World J Clin Cases. Jun 16, 2026; 14(17): 119557
Published online Jun 16, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557

Table 3 Stratified analysis of radiological union outcomes by participant characteristics and treatment group, n (%)

Factor	Group	Radiological union achieved (yes)	Radiological union not achieved (no)	Total	P value
Age ≤ 43 years	BMP	39 (62.9)	23 (37.1)	62 (100)	0.208
Age ≤ 43 years	BMP with bone graft	5 (41.7)	7 (58.3)	12 (100)	0.208
Age > 43 years	BMP	0 (0)	1 (100)	1 (100)	> 0.999
Age > 43 years	BMP with bone graft	9 (17.6)	42 (82.4)	51 (100)	> 0.999
Gender (male)	BMP	9 (56.3)	7 (43.8)	16 (100)	0.066
Gender (male)	BMP with bone graft	3 (20.0)	12 (80.0)	15 (100)	0.066
Gender (female)	BMP	30 (63.8)	17 (36.2)	47 (100)	< 0.001
Gender (female)	BMP with bone graft	11 (22.9)	37 (77.1)	48 (100)	< 0.001
Mechanism (RTA)	BMP	8 (66.7)	4 (33.3)	12 (100)	0.004
Mechanism (RTA)	BMP with bone graft	5 (19.2)	21 (80.8)	26 (100)	0.004
Mechanism (fall)	BMP	31 (60.8)	20 (39.2)	51 (100)	0.001
Mechanism (fall)	BMP with bone graft	9 (24.3)	28 (75.7)	37 (100)	0.001
Fracture (closed)	BMP	7 (35.0)	13 (65.0)	20 (100)	> 0.999
Fracture (closed)	BMP with bone graft	3 (33.3)	6 (66.7)	9 (100)	> 0.999
Fracture (open)	BMP	32 (74.4)	11 (25.6)	43 (100)	< 0.001
Fracture (open)	BMP with bone graft	11 (20.4)	43 (79.6)	54 (100)	< 0.001
Diabetes	BMP	35 (81.4)	8 (18.6)	43 (100)	0.017
Diabetes	BMP with bone graft	7 (46.7)	8 (53.3)	15 (100)	0.017
No diabetes	BMP	4 (20.0)	16 (80.0)	20 (100)	0.719
No diabetes	BMP with bone graft	7 (14.6)	41 (85.4)	48 (100)	0.719
Non-union duration ≤ 3 months	BMP	28 (57.1)	21 (42.9)	49 (100)	0.025
Non-union duration ≤ 3 months	BMP with bone graft	10 (31.3)	22 (68.8)	32 (100)	0.025
Non-union duration > 3 months	BMP	11 (78.6)	3 (21.4)	14 (100)	< 0.001
Non-union duration > 3 months	BMP with bone graft	4 (12.9)	27 (87.1)	31 (100)	< 0.001

BMP: Bone morphogenetic proteins; RTA: Road traffic accidents.

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Citation: Mussab RM, Khan S, Javed H, Arqam SM, Rimsha S, Javaid SA. Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(17): 119557
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v14/i17/119557.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557

Mussab RM, Khan S, Javed H, Arqam SM, Rimsha S, Javaid SA. Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(17): 119557 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557]

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