Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Cases. Jun 16, 2026; 14(17): 119557
Published online Jun 16, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants and their fracture (n = 126), mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics
Age (years)	42.92 ± 7.99
Gender
Male	31 (24.6)
Female	95 (75.4)
Mechanism of injury
RTA	30 (30.2)
Fall	88 (69.8)
Fracture characteristics
Open	97 (77.0)
Closed	29 (23.0)
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	58 (46.00)
No	68 (54.00)
Duration of non-union (months)	3.21 ± 0.86
Non-union duration distribution (months)
≤ 3	81 (64.30)
> 3	45 (35.70)
Radiological union
Yes	53 (42.10)
No	73 (57.90)

RTA: Road traffic accidents.

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Citation: Mussab RM, Khan S, Javed H, Arqam SM, Rimsha S, Javaid SA. Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(17): 119557
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v14/i17/119557.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557

Mussab RM, Khan S, Javed H, Arqam SM, Rimsha S, Javaid SA. Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(17): 119557 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i17.119557]

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