Burden and impact of metabolically healthy obesity on in-hospital outcomes of acute ischemic stroke: A nationwide study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, substance use variables, and outcomes following acute ischemic stroke in patients with and without metabolically healthy obesity, 2020

Variables		Non-MHO (n = 4935)	MHO (n = 4935)	P value
Demographic characteristics
Age (years) at admission	Median [IQR]	61 [54-66]	56 [50-62]	0.115
	18-44	29.9	29.0
	45-64	36.5	38.6
	≥ 65	33.5	32.4
Sex	Male	37.4	38.8	0.146
	Female	62.6	61.2
Race	Whites	67.2	69.3	0.083
	Blacks	19.2	18.6
	Hispanics	11.3	10.3
	Asian/PI	1.4	1.2
	Nat Ame	0.9	0.6
Socioeconomic & hospital characteristics
Median household income national quartile for patient ZIP code	0-25th	32.0	32.3	< 0.0001
	26-50th	25.9	29.8
	51-75th	23.0	23.3
	76-100th	19.1	14.6
Payer type	Medicaid	40.3	35.6	< 0.0001
	Private	59.7	64.4
Hospital location & teaching status	Rural	7.0	5.8	< 0.0001
	Urban non-teaching	12.5	15.2
	Urban teaching	80.5	79.0
Hospital region	Northeast	20.1	16.2	< 0.0001
	Midwest	17.9	21.9
	South	42.6	42.1
	West	19.4	19.7
Clinical comorbidities
Peripheral vascular disease		10.6	9.7	0.182
Prior myocardial infarction		2.3	1.7	0.032
Prior TIA/stroke without neurologic deficit		7.8	6.7	0.033
Prior venous thromboembolism		5.2	4.9	0.489
Valvular disease		2.4	1.0	< 0.0001
Cancer		11.2	7.3	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease		4.9	5.2	0.489
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome		1.2	0.2	< 0.0001
Depression		9.8	10.6	< 0.244
Chronic pulmonary disease		14.2	16.6	< 0.001
Hypothyroidism		6.9	9.9	0.0001
Other thyroid disorders		1.9	1.6	0.253
Substance use variables
Alcohol abuse		7.2	4.7	< 0.0001
Drug abuse		10.1	5.6	< 0.0001
Cocaine		2.5	1.7	< 0.0005
Tobacco use disorder		17.8	16.8	0.182
Outcomes
All-cause mortality		14.5	13.5	0.613
Disposition of patient	Routine	44.8	43.3	0.021
	Transfer to short-term Hospital	4.2	4.3
	Transfer other: SNF, ICF, etc.	35.9	38.8
	Home health care	15.2	13.6
Length of stay in days	Median [IQR]	5 [2-13]	5 [2-12]	0.032
Health care expenses (in United States dollars)	Median	$78270	$88297	0.001

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. PI: Pacific Islanders; Nat Ame: Native Americans; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; IQR: Interquartile range; SNF: Skilled nursing facility; ICF: Intermediate care facility; MHO: Metabolically healthy obesity.