Pathophysiology of ocular manifestations in Wilson’s disease and its management

Figure 2 Imaging modalities used for detection of Kayser-Fleischer ring in Wilson’s disease. A: Slit-lamp photograph demonstrating complete circumferential Kayser-Fleischer (KF) ring pigmentation at the limbus; B: Scheimpflug imaging showing increased peripheral corneal density corresponding to copper deposition; C: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) demonstrating a peripheral hyper-reflective band at the level of Descemet’s membrane consistent with KF ring in right eye; D: AS-OCT image illustrating circumferential hyper-reflective deposition along Descemet’s membrane, corresponding to corneal copper accumulation in left eye. OCT: Optical coherence tomography; ART: Ambrosio’s relational thickness; OS: Oculus sinister; OD: Oculus dexter; IR: Infrared; HS: High speed.