Efficacy and safety of regional blocks and multimodal analgesia in psychiatric patients at risk of opioid misuse: A systematic review

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119779

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Cases. May 6, 2026; 14(13): 119779
Published online May 6, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119779

Table 5 The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation quality assessment

Outcome	Study types	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Quality rating
Opioid consumption reduction	9 RCTs, 6 observational	Serious	Not serious	Serious	Not serious	Undetected	⊕⊕⊕○ moderate
Pain scores	7 RCTs, 4 observational	Serious	Serious	Serious	Serious	Undetected	⊕⊕○○ low
Quality of recovery	4 RCTs	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	Serious	Undetected	⊕⊕○○ low
Adverse events	8 RCTs, 5 observational	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	Undetected	⊕⊕○○ low
Length of stay	5 RCTs, 3 observational	Serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	⊕⊕○○ low

RCTs: Randomized controlled trials.

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Citation: Tilokani H, Shahzad A, Rafique Malik B, Shehzadi A, Jawed I, Bin Gulzar AH, Rehman A, Ikram J, Khan S, Mal M, Zakeri MA. Efficacy and safety of regional blocks and multimodal analgesia in psychiatric patients at risk of opioid misuse: A systematic review. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(13): 119779
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v14/i13/119779.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119779

Tilokani H, Shahzad A, Rafique Malik B, Shehzadi A, Jawed I, Bin Gulzar AH, Rehman A, Ikram J, Khan S, Mal M, Zakeri MA. Efficacy and safety of regional blocks and multimodal analgesia in psychiatric patients at risk of opioid misuse: A systematic review. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(13): 119779 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119779]

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