Beyond survival: Pain as the main determinant of long-term quality of life after thoracic trauma surgery

Table 3 Multivariable analysis of predictors of EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level Questionnaire score

Variable	β coefficient	SE	95%CI	P value
Age (per year)	-0.007	0.004	-0.015 to 0.001	0.086
Sex (male vs female)	-0.109	0.120	-0.355 to 0.137	0.370
Number of comorbidities	-0.111	0.080	-0.274 to 0.052	0.170
Pain score (NRS)	-0.079	0.031	-0.143 to -0.015	0.016
Exertional dyspnea (yes vs no)	-0.030	0.150	-0.338 to 0.278	0.850
Total hospital stay (days)	-0.001	0.002	-0.005 to 0.003	0.720
ICU stay (days)	-0.002	0.004	-0.010 to 0.006	0.590

NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; ICU: Intensive care unit.