Beyond survival: Pain as the main determinant of long-term quality of life after thoracic trauma surgery

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119644

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Cases. May 6, 2026; 14(13): 119644
Published online May 6, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119644

Table 2 Univariable analysis of predictors of pain score (Numerical Rating Scale)

Variable	β coefficient (estimate)	SE	95%CI	P value
Age (per year)	-0.014	0.025	-0.064 to 0.036	0.580
Sex (male vs female)	-0.280	0.570	-1.439 to 0.879	0.640
Number of comorbidities	-0.785	0.366	-1.535 to -0.035	0.041
EQ-5D-3 L score	-2.190	0.840	-3.890 to -0.490	0.013
Exertional dyspnea (yes vs no)	0.190	0.560	-0.940 to 1.320	0.745
Total hospital stay (days)	0.010	0.020	-0.030 to 0.050	0.520
ICU stay (days)	0.020	0.030	-0.040 to 0.080	0.480

EQ-5D-3 L: EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level Questionnaire; ICU: Intensive care unit.

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Citation: Raveglia F, Degiovanni S, Bertolaccini L, Cara A, Cassina EM, Danuzzo F, Libretti L, Pirondini E, Sibilia MC, Spinelli F, Tuoro A, De Simone M, Chiarelli M, Cioffi U, Petrella F. Beyond survival: Pain as the main determinant of long-term quality of life after thoracic trauma surgery. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(13): 119644
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v14/i13/119644.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119644

Raveglia F, Degiovanni S, Bertolaccini L, Cara A, Cassina EM, Danuzzo F, Libretti L, Pirondini E, Sibilia MC, Spinelli F, Tuoro A, De Simone M, Chiarelli M, Cioffi U, Petrella F. Beyond survival: Pain as the main determinant of long-term quality of life after thoracic trauma surgery. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(13): 119644 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i13.119644]

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