Comparing trans-oral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approaches regarding postoperative infections and swallowing difficulty

Table 2 Postoperative infections among patients with transoral approach and areolar thyroidectomy

Ref.	Country	Study type	TOETVA	Areolar approach	Results
Guo et al[14]	China	Retrospective	1/40	0/40	Not significant
Shen et al[15]	China	Prospective	1/57	3/74	Not significant
Xu et al[9]	China	Retrospective	1/48	1/44	Not significant
Yan et al[8]	China	Retrospective	3/48	2/42	Not significant
Zhang et al[17]	China	Retrospective	1/60	0/65	Not significant
Zhang et al[16]	China	Retrospective	1/45	0/50	Not significant

TOETVA: Trans-oral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach.