Clinical profile and outcome of complicated community-acquired pneumonia in children in the post-pneumococcal vaccination era

Table 2 Clinical course and outcomes in different types of complicated community-acquired pneumonia, n (%)

Characteristics	PPE (n = 34)	Empyema (n = 31)	NP (n = 15)	P value
Time to resolution of fever (days), mean ± SD	10.1 ± 2.4	12.4 ± 2	13.3 ± 2.9	0.26
Time to resolution of illness (days), mean ± SD	10.7 ± 2.9	13.2 ± 2.2	13.9 ± 3.1	0.43
Duration of ICD stay (days), mean ± SD	4.5 ± 1.9	7.1 ± 2.8	6.8 ± 2.3	0.37
Duration of IV antibiotics use (days), mean ± SD	11.3 ± 3.1	14.1 ± 2.8	15.5 ± 3.7	0.08
Duration of hospitalization (days), mean ± SD	13.6 ± 4.2	16.1 ± 7.5	17.7 ± 9.8	0.09
Required change or upgrade of antibiotics	3 (8.8)	9 (26.5)	5 (33.3)	0.03a
Required inotropes for shock	-	2 (6.4)	1 (6.7)	0.51

^aP < 0.05, adjusting after Bonferroni correction.

PPE: Para-pneumonic effusion; NP: Necrotizing pneumonia; CCAP: Complicated community-acquired pneumonia; ICD: Inter-costal chest drain; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit admission; IV: Intravenous.