Body mass index and its association with clinical outcomes in acute liver failure

Table 3 Adjusted Cox proportional hazards model to predict the relationship of body mass index to outcome in acute liver failure

Parameters	Hazard ratio1	95%CI	P value
Age	1.01	0.99-1.02	0.83
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	0.84	0.55-1.31	0.44
Ethnicity
Hispanic	Reference
Not Hispanic	1.79	0.62-5.23	0.28
Race
White	Reference
African American	0.73	0.43-1.24	0.24
Other	1.26	0.47-3.38	0.64
Unknown	0.47	0.17-1.32	0.15
Body mass index categories2
Normal weight	Reference
Overweight	2.20	1.23-3.92	0.007
Obese	2.00	1.15-3.38	0.001
Etiology of acute liver failure
Viral hepatitis	Reference
Acetaminophen toxicity	1.34	0.52-3.57	0.56
Drug-related hepatitis	0.92	0.26-3.24	0.90
Other	2.98	1.15-7.73	0.02

¹Age, gender, ethnicity, race, body mass index, etiology of acute liver failure, underlying comorbidities, lactate, phosphate, alpha-fetoprotein, model for end-stage liver disease, and grades of hepatic encephalopathy, use of renal replacement therapy and vasopressors were adjusted as confounders in the Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

²Based on the World Health Organization criteria used for body mass index (BMI) categories: (1) Normal weight: BMI between 18.5 kg/m² and 24.9 kg/m²; (2) Overweight: BMI between 25.0 kg/m² and 29.9 kg/m²; and (3) Obese: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m².