Granulicatella infections: Comprehensive review of an elusive opportunistic pathogen

Table 9 Eye infections

Ref.	Year	Country	Patient(s)	Sex	Age, years	Granulicatella species	Diagnosis	Intervention	Outcomes/prognosis
Ku et al[119]	2015	United States	1	Female	46	G. adiacens	Chronic dacryocystitis	External dacryocystorhinostomy with Crawford stent placement; postoperative antibiotics included oral cephalexin, erythromycin ointment, and tobramycin-dexamethasone drops	Good prognosis
Kim et al[121]	2016	South Korea	1	Male	35	G. elegans	Periorbital infection of the eyelid following dental treatment	Initial treatment with oral amoxicillin/clavulanate for 1 week; recurrence treated with surgical drainage and a 6-week course of oral amoxicillin	Good prognosis
Al-Lozi et al[115]	2022	United States	2	Female; female	24; 65	G. adiacens; G. adiacens	Microbial keratitis with a history of herpes simplex virus type 1 and candida parapsilosis keratitis; microbial keratitis with associated endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty	Topical vancomycin and oral valacyclovir. Intravitreal vancomycin, amikacin, voriconazole, and surgical interventions including keratoprosthesis and pars plana vitrectomy	Good prognosis; good prognosis
Teo et al[122]	2011	Singapore	1	Male	40	G. adiacens	Orbital abscess secondary to a retained wooden foreign body after trauma	Surgical exploration, drainage of the abscess, removal of the wooden foreign body, and a 6-week course of oral levofloxacin following initial intravenous antibiotics	Good prognosis
Steinmetz et al[123]	2021	United States	2	Female; male	74; 88	G. adiacens; Abiotrophia defectiva	1.Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-VEGF injection 2.Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-VEGF injection	Vitreous tap and injection of intravitreal vancomycin, ceftazidime, and triamcinolone acetonide; followed by pars plana vitrectomy. Vitreous tap and injection of intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime; followed by pars plana vitrectomy	Good prognosis; good prognosis; good prognosis
Ishino et al[120]	2022	Japan	1	Female	55	G. adiacens	Postoperative acute infectious endophthalmitis following cataract surgery	Vitrectomy, intraocular lens extraction, silicone oil tamponade, and administration of antibiotics (vancomycin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cefmenoxime, and imipenem)	Good prognosis

G. adiacens: Granulicatella adiacens; G. elegans: Granulicatella elegans.