Granulicatella infections: Comprehensive review of an elusive opportunistic pathogen

Table 5 Septic shock

Author	Year	Country	Patients	Sex	Age, years	Granulicatella species	Diagnosis	Intervention	Outcome/prognosis
Cho et al[70]	2021	South Korea	1	Male	45	G. adiacens	Septic shock due to a splenic abscess following endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy of a splenic mass	Initially, IV piperacillin/tazobactam, later switched to ampicillin/sulbactam; splenectomy performed 40 days after septic shock event; subsequent chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	Good prognosis
Gardenier et al[86]	2011	United States	1	Female	89	G. adiacens	Sepsis due to trauma injuries	Cefazolin	Good prognosis
Shaik et al[22]	2020	United States	1	Male	46	Granulicatella albicans	IE and post-infectious glomerulonephritis	IV vancomycin and immunosuppressive therapy. Later placed on hemodialysis.	Poor prognosis
Datta et al[89]	2018	United States	1	Female	69	G. adiacens	Bacteremia with brain metastases	Single dose of oritavancin after vancomycin therapy	Mortality
Quartermain et al[90]	2013	United Kingdom	1	Male	Neonate	G. adiacens	Neonatal bacteremia	Benzylpenicillin and amikacin for 6 days	Good prognosis
Koh et al[67]	2014	Korea	3	Male, male, male	62; 21; 49	G. adiacens; G. adiacens; G. adiacens	Sepsis; pneumonia; peritonitis and advanced gastric cancer	IV cefotaxime and IV vancomycin; antibiotics (details not given); antibiotics (details not given)	Good prognosis; Good prognosis; Good prognosis
Chen et al[87]	2016	Taiwan	1	Male	81	G. adiacens	Bacteremia following flexible sigmoidoscopy	Initially: Ampicillin/sulbactam and clarithromycin. Later: Ampicillin and gentamicin	Good prognosis
Divoky et al[88]	2014	United States	2	Female, female	38; 47	G. adiacens, Streptococcus agalactiae	Bacteremia complicating endometrial ablation	IV vancomycin, IV ciprofloxacin and IV gentamicin; IV ampicillin, clindamycin and gentamicin	Good prognosis
Lopardo et al[91]	2007	Argentina	1	Male	6	Abiotophia defectivea	Bacteremia in immunocompromised patient	Ceftazidime and amikacin, later changing amikacin to vancomycin, teicoplanin and acyclovir	Good prognosis
Shamrock et al[76]	2019	United States	1	Male	5	G. adiacens	Ruptured appendicitis with retrocecal abscess	Abscess drainage, IV antibiotics (vancomycin and meropenem), followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanate and metronidazole; elective laparoscopic appendectomy performed 3 months later	Good prognosis
Elfessi et al[77]	2019	United States	1	Male	38	G. adiacens	Secondary bacterial peritonitis associated with malignant ascites	Fuid resuscitation, removal of the peritoneal catheter, initial broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin, aztreonam, and metronidazole), later narrowed to vancomycin monotherapy (8 days)	Good prognosis

G. adiacens: Granulicatella adiacens; IE: Infective endocarditis; IV: Intravenous.