Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Clin Cases. Sep 26, 2025; 13(27): 109243
Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i27.109243
Table 3 Patient characteristics of pancreaticoduodenectomy and univariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula, n (%)/median (25th-75th percentiles)
Patient background
All patients (n = 48)
non-POPF (n = 27)
POPF (n = 21)
P value
Age (years)73 (64-78)74 (66-79)73 (63-77)0.176
Sex0.082
    Male27 (56)12 (44)15 (71)
    Female21 (44)15 (56)6 (29)
BMI23.1 (20.3-24.8)22.2(19.7-24.1)23.7 (21.1-25.1)0.154
Indication0.382
PDAC20 (42)13 (48)7 (33)
Non-PDAC28 (58)14 (52)14 (67)
Blood test findings
    Hemoglobin (g/dL)13.3 (12.2-14.2)13 (11.6-13.9)13.9 (12.5-14.7)0.058
    Hematocrit (%)40.1 (37.4-43.0)39.5 (37.1-42.3)41.0 (38.7-43.3)0.216
    Platelet (× 104/µL)23.8 (19.5-28.6)23.6 (17.9-28.5)24.0 (20.8-31.3)0.430
    Creatinine (mg/dL)0.66 (0.57-0.76)0.64 (0.57-0.75)0.68 (0.62-0.83)0.266
    Albmin (g/dL)4.2 (3.8-4.3)4 (3.7-4.2)4.2 (4.1-4.4)0.063
Prognostic nutritional index48.1 (46.0-53.8)47.1 (45.6-50.8)51.0 (47.2-54.9)0.099
Image findings
    MPD diameter (mm)3 (2-5)4 (3-5)2 (2-3)0.001
    Thickess of pancreas (mm)13.5 (11-15)13 (11-15)14 (11.5-16)0.530
    CT value on precontrast (HU)41.0 (37.8-44.2)40.8 (37.7-42.7)42.7 (37.2-46.0)0.304
    CT value on equilibrium phase (HU)102.7 (92.7-116.2)110.5 (100.9-125.2)94.3 (88.3-103.9)0.001
    ECVf (%)31.5 (27.3-39.1)37.2 (28.6-46.1)30.5 (26.2-32.5)0.003
Operative and postoperative findings
    Blood loss (mL)462 (293-670)440 (200-600)540 (380-683)0.053
    Operative time (minute)643 (574-690)625 (566-680)661 (597-734)0.424
Texture0.060
    Soft34 (71)16 (59)18 (86)
    Hard14 (29)11 (41)3 (14)
Day 3 drain amylase (U/L)279 (82-638)154 (24-373)612 (261-2665)< 0.001
Histologic findings
    Area of acini (mm2)0.847 (0.659-1.018)0.802 (0.424-1.013)0.880 (0.767-1.023)0.127
    Area of islets (mm2)0.030 (0.019-0.037)0.033 (0.019-0.041)0.027 (0.018-0.036)0.318
    Area of fibrosis (mm2)0.030 (0.014-0.122)0.041 (0.017-0.191)0.026 (0.011-0.081)0.110
    Area of fat (mm2)0.026 (0.004-0.072)0.014 (0.002-0.065)0.035 (0.007-0.076)0.232
POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula; BMI: Body mass index; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; MPD: Main pancreatic duct; CT: Computed tomography; ECVf: Extracellular volume fraction.