Different clinical profile of leptospirosis in a tertiary care Indian hospital: A Himalayan experience

Table 1 Modified Faine’s criteria scoring system to diagnose leptospirosis

Part A: Clinical features	Score	Part B: Epidemiological factors	Score
Headache	2	Contact with contaminated environment	4
Fever ≥ 39°C	2	Occupation involving animals or contaminated water	4
Conjunctival suffusion	4	Rainfall	5
Muscle pain	4	Part C: Laboratory findings	Score
Meningism	4	Positive IgM ELISA	15
Jaundice	1	Positive PCR	15
Albuminuria or nitrogen retention	2	Culture positive	10
Hemorrhages	2	MAT titer ≥ 1:400	15
Cough, hemoptysis, or breathlessness	2	MAT titer ≥ 1:800	20
Interpretation of scores
Presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis: Total score (Parts A + B + C) ≥ 25; Total score (Parts A + B) ≥ 26		Possible diagnosis of leptospirosis: Total score between 20 and 25

ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; MAT: Microscopic agglutination test.