Risk factors and outcomes of metastatic poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Table 1 Characteristics of 39 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients, n (%)

	M0 (n = 18)	M1 (n = 16)	M2 (n = 5)	P value
Age, median (years, IQR)	41 (26-59)	52 (49-63)	58 (51-62)	0.042
Age				0.060
< 45 years	10 (55.6)	3 (18.8)	1 (20.0)
≥ 45 years	8 (44.4)	13 (81.2)	4 (80.0)
Sex				0.045
Female	13 (72.2)	7 (43.8)	5 (100)
Male	5 (27.8)	9 (56.2)	0
Tumor size (cm)				0.222
≤ 2	3 (16.7)	0	0
> 2-4	6 (33.3)	6 (37.5)	3 (75.0)
> 4	9 (50.0)	10 (62.5)	1 (25.0)
T stage				0.536
T1	3 (16.7)	0	0
T2	4 (22.2)	5 (31.2)	1 (20.0)
T3	5 (27.8)	3 (18.8)	1 (20.0)
T4	6 (33.3)	8 (50.0)	3 (60.0)
N stage				0.323
N0	17 (94.4)	13 (81.2)	5 (100)
N1	4 (10.3)	3 (18.8)	0
Extrathyroidal invasion	6 (33.3)	8 (50.0)	4 (80.0)	0.166
Initial metastatic sites
Lung	0	9 (56.3)	3 (60.0)
Bone	0	3 (18.8)	0
Lung, bone	0	2 (12.5)	2 (40.0)
Lung, brain	0	1 (6.3)	0
Bone, brain	0	1 (6.3)	0
Type of thyroid surgery				0.041
Lobectomy or subtotal thyroidectomy	0	4 (25.0)	0
Total thyroidectomy	18 (100)	12 (75.0)	5 (100)
131I therapy	11 (61.1)	12 (75.0)	5 (100)	0.217
131I cumulative dose, median (mCi, IQR)	75 (15-100)	100 (97-162)	580 (100-835)	0.005
External beam radiation therapy	3 (16.7)	7 (43.8)	3 (60.0)	0.099
External beam radiation therapy, median (cGy, IQR)	5600 (3950-6200)	3720 (1725-5310)	5000 (4750-5500)	0.634
Targeted therapy	0	3 (18.8)	1 (20.0)	-
Lenvatinib	0	1 (6.25)	0
Lenvatinib, sorafenib	0	2 (12.5)	0
Lenvatinib, sorafenib, cabozantinib	0	0	1 (20.0)
Cancer-specific mortality	1 (5.6)	10 (62.5)	5 (100)	0.001
Overall mortality	2 (11.1)	12 (75.0)	5 (100)	0.001
Follow-up, median (years, IQR)	8.0 (2.4-14.3)	2.0 (1.4-5.2)	4.2 (2.8-8.1)	0.156

IQR: Interquartile range.