Multivariate analysis of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with oral ulcers

Parameters	Univariate model			Multivariate model
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age
< 60 years	1.000			1.000
≥ 60 years	7.116	4.880–10.377	< 0.001	6.820	2.226–20.893	< 0.001
Smoking history
No	1.000			1.000
Yes	5.390	3.491–8.323	< 0.001	4.434	2.527–7.782	< 0.001
Toothbrush hardness
Soft	1.000			1.000
Hard	2.114	1.510–2.960	< 0.001	2.804	1.746–4.505	< 0.001
Dietary preference for meat
No	1.000			1.000
Yes	1.874	1.250–2.808	0.002	1.719	0.994–2.973	0.053
Dietary temperature
Warm	1.000			1.000
Hot	1.650	1.158–2.351	0.006	1.399	1.220–1.722	0.002
Treatment course
≤ 1 year	1.000			1.000
> 1 year	2.993	2.126–4.215	< 0.001	3.830	2.203–6.659	< 0.001
Sex
Male	1.000			1.000
Female	2.328	1.621–3.343	< 0.001	1.610	0.933–2.780	0.087
Tooth brushing frequency
≤ 1 time per day	1.000			1.000
> 1 time per day	0.309	0.218–0.437	< 0.001	0.228	0.138–0.377	< 0.001
Zn level	0.947	0.938–0.957	< 0.001	0.945	0.927–0.964	< 0.001
SAS score	1.262	1.213–1.314	< 0.001	1.284	1.197–1.378	< 0.001
SDS score	1.278	1.228–1.331	< 0.001	1.322	1.231–1.419	< 0.001

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.