Influence of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments on preoperative anxiety of preschool-aged children undergoing surgery

Table 1 General characteristics of patients

Factor	Control group, n = 39	Drug group, n = 37	Intervention group, n = 40	F/χ2	P value
Age in yr	4.44 ± 1.10	4.03 ± 1.28	4.10 ± 1.41	1.148	0.321
Sex				0.552	0.759
Male	20 (51.28)	16 (43.24)	18 (45.00)
Female	19 (48.72)	21 (56.76)	22 (55.00)
Weight (kg)	13.21 ± 2.12	13.89 ± 1.65	12.92 ± 1.99	2.521	0.085
Only child				1.969	0.374
Yes	30 (76.92)	25 (67.57)	25 (62.50)
No	9 (23.08)	12 (32.43)	15 (37.50)
Type of surgery
Tonsillectomy	18 (46.15)	20 (54.05)	17 (42.50)	1.067	0.587
Herniorrhaphy	9 (23.08)	10 (27.03)	11 (27.50)	0.240	0.887
Others	12 (30.77)	7 (18.92)	12 (30.00)	1.696	0.428

Data are n (%)/mean ± standard deviation.