Nasogastric tube syndrome: A Meta-summary of case reports

Table 1 Base-line parameters of patients developing “nasogastric tube syndrome”

Case number	Author	Year of publication	Country of origin	Number of cases	Age	Sex	Comorbidities	Immunocompromised	Indication for NGT insertion
1	Sofferman and Hubbell[5]	1981	United States	4	60	Female	Cecal cancer	None	Perioperative
2	Sofferman and Hubbell[5]	1981	United States	4	74	Male	None	None	CVA
3	Sofferman and Hubbell[5]	1981	United States	4	34	Male	None	None	Severe TBI
4	Sofferman and Hubbell[5]	1981	United States	4	75	Female	Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, Anemia	None	Post-operative
5	Sofferman et al[6]	1990	United States	4	28	Male	DM, HTN, CKD	Yes (post-renal transplantation)	Perioperative period
6	Sofferman et al[6]	1990	United States	4	42	Male	DM, HTN, CKD, CAD	Yes (post-renal transplantation)	Perioperative period
7	Sofferman et al[6]	1990	United States	4	36	Male	DM, CKD	No	AMS
8	Sofferman et al[6]	1990	United States	4	45	Female	DM, CKD	Yes (post-renal transplantation)	Acute pancreatitis
9	Apostolakis et al[7]	2001	United States	2	77	Male	None	No	Toxic megacolon
10	Apostolakis et al[7]	2001	United States	2	73	Male	DM, HTN, COPD	No	GI bleed
11	To et al[8]	2001	Hong Kong	1	63	Male	NA	NA	Perioperative period
12	Nehru et al[9]	2003	Kuwait	1	60	Male	DM, HTN	No	Acute stroke
13	Sanaka et al[10]	2004	Japan	1	85	Male	HTN	No	Gastrointestinal obstruction
14	Isozaki et al[11]	2005	Japan	2	73	Male	NA	NA	Dementia
15	Isozaki et al[11]	2005	Japan	2	77	Male	NA	NA	Acute stroke
16	Marcus et al[12]	2006	Israel	1	72	Male	None	No	Traumatic brain injury
17	Vielva del Campo et al[13]	2010	Spain	1	70	Female	DM, Parkinsonism	No	Acute stroke
18	Kim et al[14]	2015	Korea	1	86	Female	DM, HTN, Parkinsonism	NA	Severe pneumonia with septic shock
19	Sano et al[15]	2016	Japan	1	76	Male	No	No	GI obstruction
20	Perera[16]	2018	Sri Lanka	1	76	Female	NA	NA	Acute stroke
21	Kanbayashi et al[17]	2021	Japan	1	77	Male	HTN, AF	No	Acute stroke
22	Yildiz et al[18]	2021	Türkiye	1	73	Male	NA	NA	Perioperative
23	Taira et al[19]	2022	Japan	1	78	Male	No	NA	AMS
24	Cui et al[20]	2023	China	1	65	Female	HTN, Parkinsonism	No	Cervical cord injury
25	Nihira et al[21]	2023	Japan	1	86	Female	None	No	Acute stroke
26	Paul et al[22]	2023	Qatar	2	78	Female	DM, HTN	No	Perioperative
27	Paul et al[22]	2023	Qatar	2	79	Female	DM, CAD	No	AMS

NGT: Nasogastric syndrome; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CAD: Coronary artery disease; AMS: Altered mental status; NA: Not available; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; TBI: Traumatic brain injury; GI: Gastrointestinal; AF: Atrial fibrillation.